The Lord of the Flies Continues to Fly A Socio-Historical Look At Its Banning and Sustained Popularity

Henry Reichman, in his research titled Censorship and Selection, Issues and Answers for Schools. Censorship defines censorship as the â€Å"the removal, suppression, or restricted circulation of literary, artistic or educational materials †¦ on the grounds that these are morally or otherwise objectionable in light of the standards applied by the censor† (Cromwell, 2005) . Often, the judging of the books as unfit for public or classroom consumption is done unilaterally by an authorized policymaking body tasked with oversight functions.This has adverse impact to the teachers’ exercise of academic and creative freedom guaranteed by the First Amendment that protects â€Å"the students’ right to know and the teachers’ right to academic freedom† (Shupe, 2004). Throughout the history of literature, censorship of literary texts and judging them as unfit for public consumption has always provoked social and political debates. The offensive advocates who pose themselves as guardians of morality and social order insist that the society needs protection from destructive elements that may damage its moral and social fibers.The defensive side, on the other hand, promotes the upholding of constitutional rights for free expression, criticizing censorship us a curtailment of this basic human right. Ironically, banning the books from public consumption has proven to have done the opposite. The public becomes even more curious, finds creative ways to get hold of these banned books and discover for themselves that the very reason of the banning should be the same reason why the public should read them in the first place.For instance, while Mark Twain’s â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† was challenged because of its racial slur, many in the academic circles believe that it should all the more be read by the public to learn about racism and its adverse social impact (Shupe, 2004). Restraining the public from reading a lit erary text that reflects this social reality does not and cannot shield itself from seeing this happening in real life. Unsurprisingly therefore, these banned books or literary texts whose subjects are deemed taboos by the authorities became all-time best sellers continually being â€Å"consumed† by the public.The public’s curiosity has been sustained by the authority’s persistent efforts to dictate what the public can and cannot read defying the provisions of the First Amendments that enshrines creative and academic freedom (Shupe, 2004). This has all the more invigorated the public’s tendency to rebel against repressive authorities. Banning the reading of what the public considered acclaimed literature seems not just illogical but unwarranted. This has made acclaimed banned books like the Lord of the Flies sustained its popularity generations after generations.I. The Lord of the Flies Restrained from Flying To understand the â€Å"restraint flight† of the novel, it may be deemed necessary to trace its roots from its conception to publication, illuminating the tumultuous routes it has taken before it reached the public eye. William Gerald Golding wrote the novel less than ten years after World War II after serving in the Royal Navy from 1940-1945 where he saw man’s unnerving capacity for atrocities. As it is commonly believed, war brings the worst and the best of man’s human nature.But expectedly so, Golding identified more on the evil side of man, owing to his background as a disillusioned advocate of rationalism, championed by his father Alec Golding, a school teacher and ardent believer of rationalism. In his writing about his wartime experience, he wrote: â€Å"Man produces evil as a bee produces honey† (Gyllensten, 1983). He felt that the atrocities committed by the Nazis in such magnitude could be committed just as well by any other nations owing to humankind’s innately evil nature.He wrote the book at a time of Cold War, fresh from the hostilities of the Holocaust, the widespread dehumanizing aftereffects of atomic bombs, and the threat of the so-called â€Å"Reds† behind the Iron Curtain. These conditions all found their way to the book, making it a good study of the political and ideological underpinnings of this milieu. From its pre-publication to its promotion to the public, the Lord of the Flies has undergone a turbulent path. Rejected by publishers a record of 21 times, the book was adjudged as â€Å"absurd and uninteresting†¦rubbish and dull† (Conrad, 2009).Conrad (2009) recalls that the book seemed to have reached a dead end, until a former lawyer hired as editor from the Faber publishing house, Charles Monteith, resurrected the book from its near oblivion and convinced his colleagues at Faber to publish the book at a measly sum of ? 60. As it turned out, Monteith’s business instinct earned Faber millions of pounds as the book sold mi llions of copies worldwide and continues to do so up to this time prompting the author of the book to retort that he considers the royalty income as â€Å"Monopoly money† (Conrad, 2009).The book’s huge commercial success can be attributed to two things: first, it has a good narrative filled with thrilling action and a theme that amplifies the endless battle between good and evil; and second, it has been continually challenged by certain school authorities making it all the more attractive to readers. The more it has become controversial, the more it has gathered cult following, assuming celebrity status as a literary text. The thesis of the book underscores the tendency of man for violence.In the novel, a group of British schoolboys are trapped in a tropical island after the plane that would take them to someplace safer from the nuclear war crashed. Initially acting in a more civilized way, these schoolboys form some sort of a social group with a leader and sets of rul es. As they discover the difficulties of such an arrangement within the uncertainty that surrounds them in that tropical island, they begin to question the existence of that social order and start to defy its conventions.The â€Å"good force† is led by Ralph who symbolizes man’s adherence to civilization and proper social decorum; while Jack leads the â€Å"evil forces† symbolizing man’s innate evil nature that manifests with proper environmental stimuli engendered by the harsh realities of life such as surviving in a jungle. As the story progresses and the uncertainty of being rescued become remote, Jack begins to reconfigure the composition of the social order initiated by Ralph. Within these contesting ideologies, Jack starts to emerge as the leader of choice by the majority of the group.Deciding that Jack’s aggressive stunts and hunting skills are the necessary skills of a leader in such a harsh environment, the majority of the boys shift their allegiance to him and leave the â€Å"orderly† and â€Å"civilized† leadership of Ralph. With Jack’s leadership, the boys undergo a downward spiral and turn to horrific violence to dismantle civilized social constructs in the name of survival. In so doing, two boys are killed and they would have continued to slide down to ultimate self-destruction had their eventual rescue failed to come just in time.Published in 1954 and written by Golding, the Lord of the Flies has been constantly challenged and banned from school curricula in the United States and other parts of the world. The Nettverksgruppa (1996) or NVG, an association of students and staff at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim recounts that the following academic institutions challenged this novel for its so-called â€Å"demoralizing effect that implies that man is little more than an animal†:

Walmart 2012

Introduction Walmart has more than 10,020 retail units which is spread across 28 countries and operates under 60 banners. It sells both by brick and mortar (traditional stores) and Brick and click (e-commerce) formats. The average size of each Walmart store is more than a 1, 00,000 (1lac) square feet. Its store operations are categorized into following. 1. Walmart discount stores 2. Walmart super centers 3. Walmart neighborhood markets Walmart express stores Marketing Mix: Product and branding strategies (appropriate service strategy if the company has a consumer orientation).Walmart is a multinational retailer; in short it has every product or a brand which a person could see in his day to day life. The broad range of product categories include movies, crafts, gifts, college essentials, Electronic items, home appliance, jewellery, photo centre,   toys, outdoor living, funeral, grocery, video games etc Pricing strategies. Walmart business model doesn’t include manufacturing of any product; it procures products across the globe in large quantities in order to enjoy benefits of economies of scale. This makes price of Walmart to offer products at 15% lower price than other retailers.Walmart uses different pricing concepts to get focus of the customers and compel a purchasing behaviour through discount strategies. Sam Walton coined the term â€Å"Always lows prices† and â€Å"Everyday low prices†; according to this each product is offered at different discount prices based on the time and demand of the hour. The consumer electronics are offered at a very low price compared to other retailers. Supply chain strategies (how they place the product in the market). Walmart has been able to assume market leadership position primarily due to its efficient integration of suppliers, manufacturing, warehousing, and distribution to stores.Its supply chain strategy has four key components: vendor partnerships, cross docking and distribution management, te chnology, and integration. Walmart’s supply chain begins with strategic sourcing to find products at the best price from suppliers who are in a position to ensure they can meet demand. Walmart establishes strategic partnerships with most of their vendors, offering them the potential for long-term and high volume purchases in exchange for the lowest possible prices. Suppliers then ship product to Walmart’s distribution centers where the product is cross docked and then delivered to Walmart stores.Cross docking, distribution management, and transportation management keep inventory and transportation costs down, reducing transportation time and eliminating inefficiencies. Technology plays a key role in Walmart’s supply chain, serving as the foundation of their supply chain. Walmart has the largest information technology infrastructure of any private company in the world. Its state-of-the-art technology and network design allow Walmart to accurately forecast demand, track and predict inventory levels, create highly efficient transportation routes, and manage customer relationships and service response logistics.Wal-Mart’s supply chain management strategy has provided the company with several sustainable competitive advantages, including lower product costs, reduced inventory carrying costs, improved in-store variety and selection, and highly competitive pricing for the consumer. This strategy has helped Walmart become a dominant force in a competitive global market. As technology evolves, Walmart continues to focus on innovative processes and systems to improve its supply chain and achieve greater efficiency. Integrated marketing communications.Walmart's Integrated marketing communication is their   approach to achieving the objectives of a Marketing campaign , through a well coordinated use of different promotional methods that are intended to reinforce each other. Integrated marketing includes discipline communications advertising, public relations personal selling   and sales promotion. These methods help the corporation bring a better understanding to the consumer   this way they we will know which products best fits the consumers needs. Walmart usually does this through the tv commercials,online website,and weekly circular.Their tv commercials usually show items that are popular and are at a cheaper price then their competition this helps them to get better sales. http://stylesmar100-blog. blogspot. com/2011/11/chap-16-integrated-marketing. html Promotional strategy. Walmart has its own in-store promotional activities which includes sales promotions through product bundling and its pricing strategies. The online store of Walmart earns major revenues from through customers placing online gifts. The pricing strategies adopted by Walmart like â€Å"Everyday low prices†, â€Å"value of the day† increases the sales turnover.The online store uses strategies to pull customer by attractive slogans like ‘Grab it before it’s done’ which pushes customer to take a purchase decision immediately before the deals get expired. The company's presence in domestic and international markets. Walmart operates stores in 27 countries under 69 different banners. Learn more below about our store formats around the world. Walmart began building Supercenters in 1988 – a decision that led us to become the nation’s largest grocer. Today, there are more than 3,000 Supercenters in the U. S. Each store is about 182,000 square feet and employs bout 300 associates. Today, we operate more than 600 discount stores. There are now about 200 Neighborhood Markets in the U. S. The company's vision and execution of strategy that set its direction. Wal-Mart's advertised mission statement and its advertising slogan are the same: â€Å"We save people money so they can live better. † â€Å"If we work together, we’ll lower the cost of living for everyone†¦weâ €™ll give the world an opportunity to see what it’s like to save and have a better life. † The company's plans for growing and servicing its customer base.In order to fulfill its mission, Wal-Mart has developed some unique, policies, principles, rules, processes and procedures, the sum total of which form the Wal-Mart stores corporate culture: 4. Open Door Policy – Managers' doors are open to employees at all levels 5. Sundown Rule – Answering employee, customer, and supplier questions on the same day the questions are received 6. Grass Roots Process – Capturing suggestions and ideas from the sales floor and front lines 7. 3 Basic Beliefs & Values – Respect for the Individual, Service to our Customers, Striving for Excellence 8. 0-Foot Rule – Making eye contact, greeting, and offering help to customers who come within 10 feet 9. Servant Leadership – Leaders are in service to their team Wal-Mart Cheer – An actual struc tured chant that was created by founder Sam Walton to lift morale every morning http://www. usanfranonline. com/wal-mart-successful-supply-chain-management/ http://www. marketing91. com/marketing-mix-walmart/ http://retailindustry. about. com/od/retailbestpractices/ig/Company-Mission-Statements/Wal-Mart-Mission-Statement. htm

The Impact of the Bridge between Vancouver and Vancouver Island Essay

The Impact of the Bridge between Vancouver and Vancouver Island - Essay Example There is current debate about whether or not to build a bridge to Vancouver Island, British Columbia (BC) and the mainland. Many arguments for, and against, exist. Some believe that a bridge to Vancouver Island with provide an economic boost to the surrounding area. Others believe that a bridge to the island will lead to destruction of the pristine nature of the island. The proposed bridge is compared to the bridge built connecting Prince Edward Island and the eastern mainland of Canada (New Brunswick). Feasibility studies give a grim picture of the work required, and funds needed, to construct a bridge over the Georgia Strait. Many believe that the cost of the project would outweigh any economic gain to the Island and the mainland. Vancouver Island is serviced by an airport at Nanaimo where customers can fly to and from the mainland airports located at Victoria (southern tip of Vancouver Island) and Vancouver BC. Ferry service to the island consists of four routes: Ferry service to the island can take more than 1 hours to cross the 26 Kilometer wide Georgia Strait and cost up to $60 per car. A proposed bridge would run from Vancouver Island to the Vancouver area on the Mainland. Studies conducted in the 1980's examined the feasibility of building a fixed link (bridge) connecting Vancouver Island with Vancouver on the Mainland. ... These studies didn't end debate but did show that any type of bridge building would encounter major obstacles. Any bridge built would have to stand up to earthquakes and other engineering challenges (Ministry of Transportation). The Georgia Strait is a seismically active area. Other potential problems include (Ministry of Transportation): length of a crossing could be up to 26 kilometres water depths are up to 365 metres deep, soft sediments of up to 450 metres on the ocean bed potential marine slope instabilities along the eastern side of the Strait could result in future underwater landslides extreme wave conditions (4 to 7 metre waves, with 6 metre tides and 2 knot current) design wind speed of 115 kmh with gusts up to 180 kmh passage of major ships through the area; and the need to protect a crossing structure against ship impact (a floating bridge could not withstand the impact of a tanker vessel). Several bridge types were proposed for study. They include a bored tunnel, submerged floating tunnel, floating pontoon bridge, and a series of cable style bridges (Ministry of Transportation). The bridge proposal is often compared to the bridge that was built between Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, Canada. There are many similarities. Residents argued that a new bridge would destroy the environment on Prince Edward Island. Others argued that the convenience and fees would be lower for a fixed link than the ferry system that was in place. Both bridge locations have severe weather considerations. Theoretical Analysis Economic growth in a specified area can be accomplished in many ways. Economic growth theory is used to explain how different factors

Young Black Men Fallen By The Wayside Research Paper

Young Black Men Fallen By The Wayside - Research Paper Example John Casor, in 1654, became the first black man to become a slave and this began a stream of events that led to the growth of slavery and the dehumanizing treatment of a black person. The consequential and constant bad treatment of blacks has lowered the perception a black person as a less than perfect person in comparison with the rest. This has led to son black people blaming the color of their skin for their woes to a point of murder. Jimerson (2013) attributes under development among black families to the low self-esteem that was set in motion before the American Revolution to enable the blacks to be normal members of the society. The Martin Luther King era was a significant time to the black in America and all over the world. Lack of equal chances has denied the black families to develop. Racial self-hatred leads a child away from the concentration of schoolwork as they try to fit in the society. They also believe that they inferior to other race in the school, so they believe they can perfume better than the rest; that lack of self-belief leads them to perform badly. Self-doubt in young black men makes them feel as if they are being looked down upon because of their skin color even when they are being corrected rightfully. It will always make them move away from their jobs to look for others that they consider are fitting for them (Vogel et al, 2011). Michael Jackson, hate for being black pushed him to the extreme of trying to discolor himself. The amount of money he used was staggering. Many musicians, like dancehall star Vybz Cartel, try to bleach themselves into being white, an act that costs them a fortune. The financial status of these young men is always poor and most of them are always in debts as they seek to change their appearance through artificial means. The integration of races is an issue not only in the United States but also everywhere in the world. It exists even in communities that are the most liberated and

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 3

Assignment Example Following the theory, Walmart Company is fully unethical. It was because of the win lose situation they created. The company becomes the winners and customers were the losers. The health of the consumers got placed at risk due to the company selling food that could make the consumers sick (Spotts 76). It demonstrated that the company did not respect the consumers or care for their welfare. The company did not make the efforts of ensuring the happiness of consumers. They only cared for their own happiness. The company also made themselves unhappy due to cheating on their customers and taking their money. The theory developed by kant also indicates that the company is unethical in a more different ration. The customers lacked a chance of making any decision. There was no information issued to them on the products they were buying as the company held the information. They also gave them false information so that they can have their money. The denial of information hindered the customers from making their own decisions on the product. The most likely decision they would have made is not to consume their products. It was due to the health hazards associated with the meat. The theory of kant also indicates that the company should not consider themselves above the law and also rules. They fully understood the illegal actions they had associated themselves with and were not willing to accept the consequences. The interpretation of the word courage can get done in several ways. The Walmart company did not have to cater or even compensate to the customers they cheated which they did not. The courage to offer an apology or even compensation was not a step towards the right direction (Spotts 26). The company possessed unreasonable desires, therefore, they lied to their customers in the efforts of obtaining happiness and also profit. On the case justice, it was also not present. The company did have fair practices

Event Leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Event Leadership - Research Paper Example The role of the event producer is a major one and usually inter-links with the event manager. In an event management company the role of the event producer is a representative who is the lead producer of the event who evaluates the supplies, vendors, number of staffs and subcontractors who will work on the event. Together they become the production team (Matthews 2007). Event manager: The event manager has an overlapping role of administration, coordination, marketing, and managing legal, risks or ethical issues. The event manager either supports or is the same as the event producer. He has similar responsibilities in the production of the special event depending on the width and breadth of the event (Goldblatt 2004). Administrating contractor: This is the person or organization responsible for recruiting the staffs necessary for carrying out the tasks during the event. The event producer sometimes take on the task of hiring, training, and firing of personnel involved in the team but is not directly responsible for contracting them. The event producer pays for them and even provides the technical expertise to effectively coordinate the activities but the staffs remain under the supervision of the contractor. Directors: These individuals are those who are the stakeholders such as the financiers, organizations, individuals or officials who are paying for the event. They usually have direct influence over the flow of the event, its successful production and its completion. They are in essence the "boss". Legal representatives: Sometimes the nature of the event requires intervention from public organizations which are external to the event such as the government, police department, fire brigade department and officials. To ensure that the event complies with local policies and procedures, state, provincial or federal laws, legal representatives may be recruited to guide the event producer in this arena (Goldblatt

Buffalo Soldiers and the Apache Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Buffalo Soldiers and the Apache - Essay Example Numerous literatures confirmed that subduing the Indians on the Plains and the Southwest, securing the borders, escorting stage coaches and trains as well as policing cattle rustlers and illegal traders who sold guns and liquor to the Indians had all become second nature to them as these were their primary responsibilities-many of which were carried out under some harsh conditions. Many of these African Americans had joined with the force mainly to earn their freedom. They decided they would fight to prove themselves and to be free as well as to keep up their end of the bargain to make an attractive $13 a month. Many of these soldiers were former slaves, freemen and Black Civil War Soldiers. However, they couldn’t read and write, so they were considered less than the whites. For these brave-hearted men, bravery was their fiercest fighting tool, and ambition and perseverance were their ammunition, because everything else that they received for resources were inadequate or not u p to standard such as; the old horses, limited food supplies and limited ammunition. In addition, they were deployed to some of the toughest areas. Quite frankly however, it was the 10th regiment of the Buffalo Soldiers who played a greater role in the campaign against the Apaches in the March 1890 Expedition. After being transferred to Texas, research showed that their primary mission was to protect mail and travel routes, control Indian movements, protect against Mexican revolutionaries and outlaws as well as garner knowledge about the area’s terrain (Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture). Particularly credited for the Westward Expansion, the Buffalo Soldiers’ 10th Cavalry explored miles of unmapped terrains after which they used their experience to open 300 miles of new roads and laid 200 miles of telegraph lines according to literatures from this said source. This knowledge helped the Buffalo Soldiers to create maps of the area showing scarce waterholes, moun tain passes and grazing areas that would later allow for settlements in that area. The mission created some tough soldiers in West Texas who always had to be on alert from raids from the Apaches. However, it was the 10th regiment’s success at detailed mapping that later lead to the demise of the Apache Indians between 1879 and 1880. Col Benjamin Grierson and his cavalry decided to play on the weaknesses of their enemies, whose chief at the time was Chief Victorio and his band of warriors who had allegedly escaped from their New Mexico Reservation creating havoc across the Southwest on their way to Mexico. They decided to intercept where it would hurt most in those harsh regions-the waterholes. The mission called for a big military assembly, as such, different troops were assigned to the waterholes. Engagements were met at the all the waterholes, but the two most notable were the ones at the Tinaja de las Palmas (water hole at South Sierra Blanca) and at Rattlesnake Springs wh ich is north of Van Horn. Grierson and his men devised strategies to trap Victorio.

The Roots of Anglican and Protestant Reformations Essay

The Roots of Anglican and Protestant Reformations - Essay Example The introduction of many printing presses made it possible for the quick spread of Renaissance ideas to a large audience in a more reliable manner. This promoted the rapid transmissions of the works of Martin Luther and was made possible by the university where Luther was working at the time. On the social front, the increasing loss of popularity of Rome in Germany and other parts of the world due to the heavy taxation of the people in order to facilitate the construction of the St. Peters square in Rome, made many people rethink their religious stand.  Many countries began to stress on their nationalism thus lowering their devotion to Rome and the nation of Italy. Some countries such as Germany and Poland began to openly express their dissatisfaction with Rome.   The long-term economic hardships that were witnessed in Europe caused the rise in the calls for reformation by the Protestants. The increasing greed of the top leaders of the Catholic Church led to the depression of the peasants in various parts of Europe. The prices of basic commodities began to increase as the inflation rate rose to make the standards of living to decrease. This was argued on the basis that the church took most of the resources and the people were left with very little to support their livelihoods.On the political front, it was argued that there was lack of strong and centralized institutions as which was evident by poor management of the taxation system, lack of an imperial army and lack of effective machinery to conduct the duties of the government. Martin Luther had received a lot of support and protection from Elector Frederick the Wise.   The personal doubts that Martin Luther had on the direction that the church had taken, contributed to the religious course for the reformation. A number of blames were directed on the papacy which was viewed to have taken different dimensions and had deviated from the religious goal. The popes who existed in the renaissance period failed to set a good example for their followers all over the world.

Critical analysis of activity based costing and traditional costing Assignment

Critical analysis of activity based costing and traditional costing system - Assignment Example In the efforts to implement the Strategic Management Accounting approach in organizations,modern business enterprises find Activity-Based Costing as an improved costing system by which the problem of large number of indirect costs and their allocation problem can be overcome It has been observed that ABC method is the most sought after innovation in the field of management accounting in the last two decades. The method was originated in the Unites States of America during the 1980s as an improved system to enable better cost allocation by means of classification of more costs as direct (Cooper and Kaplan, 1988). The advocates of ABC method argue that the firms would be able to enhance their efficiency and cost control without having affected the customers' value, if ABC is successfully implemented and followed. However, its acceptance rate is still overwhelming across industries and countries despite the strong recommendation by Robin Cooper and Robert S Kaplan, the proponents of the method. The main problem associated with the low implementation rate may be attributed to the difficulties and complexities of the system. This paper discusses and analyses the ABS system as an improved cost control technique. The paper takes comparative and analytical approach; in which comparison is made between ABC and Traditional Costing System (TCS). The paper discusses the various aspects of ABC as a superior technique of cost control by assuming hypothetical examples. Every attempt is made to analyse the important characteristic of ABC with that of TCS in a critical manner. 2. Activity Based Costing- Meaning and Significance ABC as the name signifies is a system of costing based on activities involved in transformation process. ABC is the process of simplifying and clarifying decisions required to be made by the management using activity costs. It analyzes the cost and the benefits of various operational and business activities. According to Computer Aided Manufacturing International (CAM-I), "Activity-based costing is a methodology that measures the cost and performance of activities, resources, and cost objects. Resources are assigned to activities, then activities are assigned to cost objects based on their use. Activity-based costing recognizes the casual relationship of cost drivers to activities" (CAM-I). ABC, which was basically developed as an alternative to traditional costing system enhances the scope of performance management as a measure. This system was propounded by Robin Cooper and Robert S Kaplan as a superior tool to overcome the limitations of TCS. The main inefficiency with TCS is that it fails to accurately measure the actual cost of production and hence decisions are made out of inaccurate data. Therefore, the main logic behind the emergence of ABC system revolves around supplying accurate information regarding the cost of production, cost allocation; which are vital for cost and profit analysis. The main argument in favour of the ABC system is that it is against the traditional system of cost allocation on a percentage basis. ABC system, instead takes into account the cost effect relationship for cost allocation on a subjective basis. Whenever a cost is incurred and identified in relation to an activity, the cost is allocated to the extent the product has used the acti vity. Supports of ABC system strongly believe that supplying accurate information is the most important benefit of this system. In addition, ABC is justified from the benefits such as cost control, cost reduction, more accurate allocation of indirect costs, improved insight into cost causation and identification of activity costs and improvement of operational efficiency (Kaplan and Anderson 2004). It has also been justified for being able to supply accurate cost information which is necessary for fair pricing and thereby adds value to customers.

Competitors Analysis Critical Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Competitors Analysis Critical Review - Essay Example A way in which this can be done is through competitor analysis. This review attempts to find the common ground or differences in approach between the authors and checks them against the background of the strategic needs of organisations for sustaining competitive advantage. maintaining and improving profitability targets. In the face of fierce competition, the market place is merciless in changing the fortunes of companies. If firms ignore or neglect strategic moves by competitors, they can find their market share and profitability disappear in quick time. Competition can be in many forms such as new entrants, new products / services, more economical processes that offer cheaper alternatives to customers, new marketing or distribution channels, newer strategic associations or markets, etc. While the challenge of keeping track of so many variables may be daunting, it is comforting to remember that generally each business has its own limited set of rivals. Largely, this depends upon its own profile of size & operations. It is this universe of potential rivals that is important to a firm’s competitive position. According to Porter, â€Å"Strategy is an internally consistent configuration of activities that distinguishes a firm from its rivals† (Porter, M E. 2004, p.vi). Porter’s theory identifies a firm as one based on activities and points out that it is these activities that create opportunities for a firm to offer value to a customer (Porter, M E. 2004). To this extent, analysis of a firm’s own or its rival’s activities can be considered as essential as strategic to a firm’s competitive advantage. The question then is ‘when or how often should one conduct such an analysis?’ and the answer should be that it must be an on-going process in view of the constantly emerging competitors’ challenges. Competitor analysis is the management

Her Lifestory Essay Example for Free

Her Lifestory Essay Now you can see how successful Concepcion Baylock is. At the age of 12 the young Concepcion was already away from her family and lived with her relatives in order to have a good education. Living with her relatives is not that easy, she had to do the household chores for them to let her stay, and she goes to school at the same time. At a very young age Concepcion showed her diligence in everything she does. When the time her grandparents took her, Concepcion’s life changed because they treat her nicely and they were good to her. However she still tried to help doing the chores because she wanted to thank them, in that simple way she showed her grandparents how thankful she is. As a teenager Concepcion supposed to be hanging out with her friends going to movies, parties, and outings. However she missed this, she would rather save her money that was given by her grandparents. She doesn’t even buy new things. When she was still in her senior years in high school she already worked by teaching grade school student. Later on she worked as a telephone operator in the United States Naval force in Subic. While she was working she married an irresponsible man, he just let Concepcion doing all the work. Good thing Concepcion successfully gets out of this marriage. She had a child with this unsuccessful marriage. Years later, Concepcion married again with an American who she had a four children. He is the one who helped her to put up her first business, they had a jeepney and taxi concession. When her business succeeded she put up her second business a four-storey hotel, which later on turned out to be a combined hotel, night club, and restaurant. Her ventures succeeded, but she remembers that before she married her second husband she faced many disapproval regarding in her plan f having a business. She never let this bring her down, despite she used this as challenge to pursue more. Concepcion was not still contented; she pursue her education in Manila. She managed to raise her children and run a business at the same time while she was studying. She had a very hectic schedule; she only had around four hours of sleep every day. After she finished her degree in commerce, she proceed to law, and then to a master’s in public administration, and a doctorate in commerce. Concepcion Blaylock is now a president and chairman of Diamond Motors Corporation. As an entrepreneur and a manager Conception knows how to deal with different type of people. She knew how to treat her people properly. She never hesitates to help them, especially those who showed loyalty to her and to the business. She never forgets to credit the companies who trust her. She always makes sure to maintain their trust to her. She never abused her creditor, who trusts her. Today, when Concepcion Blaylock looks back at her past she was very thankful for such an experience that she had. She was very grateful with the things that challenged her more to do more and thought her to be strong. A. Cultural Values| Manifestation of the Value| 1. Frugality (katipiran)| As a child, she saved money rather than buy new things; as an adult, did not immediately buy a car even though she can afford it. | 2. Risk taking (lakas ng loob)| She pursue her plan of having a business even though she knew that she don’t have any formal orientation in running a business. | 3. Amor Propio (utang na loob)| She never hesitates helping her staff especially those who have proven loyalty and commitment. 4. Harmonious labor management relations| She makes it to a point to compensate her people generously with profit sharing schemes and other benefits. | 5. Diligence (sipag)| At a young age, she already attributed this trait, she do the housemaid works and study at the same time. | 6. Endurance (pagkamtiisin)| She was already away with her family at an early age, for her to have a good educ ation. She never let this be a reason for not to achieve her goals, instead she makes this as her inspiration. | B. As a Filipino we were brought up by our parents to have a sense of adventure (pakikipagsapalaran) that is big help in venturing a business. Filipinos were not afraid of trying new things , we intend to be a risk taker. We usually put in our mind that God will help us in everything we do, that is a â€Å"bahala na† attitude. â€Å"Bahala na† attitude is not that bad because we do our part, but we just hope for the guidance and help of God. We Filipinos are well known of having a good relationship to people such as being family oriented and â€Å"pakikipagkapwa†. Filipinos are naturally have a close family ties. This trait is a good thing when you are in a business. Our family serves as our strength because we knew that they will be always be there to support us. They are the one who inspires us to do our best. Filipinos also exhibits the trait of being good to the people around us. This trait really plays a big role in how Filipino entrepreneur manages their people very well. Yes, the Filipino culture and values that were instill in us really help in building our entrepreneurial spirit.

Why Dating Shows Are so Popular in China Nowadays Essay Example for Free

Why Dating Shows Are so Popular in China Nowadays Essay 1.Introduction In recently years, Chinese television has been picking up the trends of reality shows, especially dating shows. These fast emerging match making shows have captured millions of viewers and have become very popular in Chinese society. Although the shows contain lots of problems and bring up many controversial topics in our lives, nearly everyone in China is enthusiastically watching one or more of these weekly dating shows. The question is, why? Historic reasons, social reasons and commercial reasons have all contributed to the dating shows popularity. 2.Dating shows nowadays Every Saturday and Sunday night on television, a jury of more or less than 20 single women question a few guys one by one after watching his introductory videos; then press a button to turn off the light if they think the guy is not â€Å"date-worthy†. After three rounds of interaction, if there are girls keeping the light on for the candidate and he likes one of them, he succeeds in the match. And if all twenty-four lights go off, the male loses. In turn, guys can first choose his favorite girl and if he survives the trial, he will have a chance to pick a girl for a date. Most of the shows have the similar pattern. Sometimes situations would inverse, which is a jury of guys can judge a few women one by one. Basically it could be describe as a process of young men and women judging and choosing each other. If lucky, one could find himself or herself a date. Apart from the participants, there will be a humorous host to help organize; also, there will be two or three guest experts to give comments and advice to the participants. 3. Historic Reasons The changing of Chinese women For centuries, patriarchy was rooted deeply in Chinese society. Chinese women owned very limited choice in their lives, especially their marriages. In fact, in Han Dynasty, the Three Obediences and Four Virtues that set the standards of behavior for women. It required women to obey her father and other male family members. In traditional Chinese culture, females should be quiet, tender, compliant and conservative. Pillai (2009) said in her article Women in the Ancient Chinese Culture, â€Å"For almost two thousand years, the life of the Chinese woman was unbearable.† Therefore, they had almost no freedom in choosing husbands. As they have equal chances to receive higher education as men do, now urban Chinese women are becoming more open and self-confident. Faced with completely unfamiliar male candidates, knowing their performance will be shown on TV to millions of viewers, the ladies on stage are never afraid of speaking their opinions on life and marriage and make judgments on the male candidates. It seems that women are in charge of the game—they decide a man’s fate on the stage. All these facts seem to indicate that the Chinese society is going to enter an era of feminism. So compared to ancient China, women in modern China are offered a lot more opportunities to take positions and influence society in their own way. The changing of Chinese dating pattern Back in ancient China, a matchmaker was instrumental in settling a marriage. They provided communications and consulting astrogical charts to ensure the compatibility of the prospective bride and groom as well as the two families. So in ancient China, there was little opportunity for getting to know your future partner, since the heads of the bride and groom’s families would arrange marriages. Sometimes the couples first meeting was on the day of their wedding, a situation most singles today would find outrageous. What is happening today is both men and women are giving more freedom when comes to choosing who to date and who to marry. One can decide his or her date based on various personal standards. By participating dating shows, participants can meet all kinds of potential partners and more likely to find someone who fits their requirements. The changing of people’s attitude towards dating and marriage According to the previous historic reasons, men and women could hardly meet each other before marrying. Therefore, their marriages were purely for reproducing, for relations between families and mostly for stable life for the rest of the lives. So in ancient China, when a man or woman tried to find a life partner, they were not really looking for a love of the life rather than a wife who can take good care of the family or a financially reliable husband. According to what Chen (2003) said in her article Marriage and the Family in China, â€Å"to many people nowadays, income, housework and procreation are no longer top priorities; more important is having a loving, loyal and understanding spouse.† To make a conclusion, two people marry nowadays is because the pleasure that connubial relationship brings them. 4.Social Reasons Viewers’ psychology When browsing the Internet, you can see lots of people are talking about the dating shows. The funny part is, lots of people don’t really buy the performance or the fake romance on stage and they are talking about how lack of intelligence those shows are. Then why those shows are still so popular? I read lots of people’s comments and it shows that many people are watching those so-called boring shows because they are boring after work or on the weekends. Watching those dating shows can take large amount of their dull time. Moreover, viewers have been intrigued by the guests outspoken remarks and the occasional arguments that break out. Liu (2011), the Chinese psychiatrist claims that curiosity is born with human beings, so the curiosity and the tendency to the privacy are innate. As another reason why people enjoy the show, viewers tend to enjoy watching other people’s sometime dramatic dating process and conversations during partners, which originally should be private and personal. Social controversial topics bring up by the shows The show is more than a dating game. It is like a multi-dimensional mirror that reflects social values.—Lin (2010). Materialism Bergman (2010) writes in his article, China’ TV Dating Shows: For Money or for Love, that in China, more and more young women nowadays consider true love as materials. In spite of the outlook or character of the possible suitor, what really concerns those girls are whether or not they have houses, the size of the houses, and wealthy bank account and someday also a fancy car. One famous case involves Ma Nuo, a 22-year-old girl who showed up on Chinas most popular dating show, If You Are the One. She arrogantly rejected a male contestant’s invitation of bike riding and then came up with the famous and controversial reply, Id rather cry in a BMW car than laugh on the backseat of a bicycle. Ma is not the only one, there are far more girl participants thinking and acting just like her. These girls on the stage represent and reflect this generation’s materialism that has become the trends in our society. These girls bring materialism to their dating has brought up social controversy. Chen Zhigang, a critic and playwright, said, They have grown up in a society that is quickly accumulating material wealth. They are snobbish. They worship money, cars and houses because the highly developing economy has made them do so.† This phenomenon is unimaginable back in the China 10, 20 years ago. Are those material girls wrong and superficial? Or is it an improvement in China showing nowadays people are becoming more and more realistic? Some people disdain this materialism while some others say it’s understandable. This is a very controversial question brought up by the dating shows that worth thinking about. Sheng Nan and Sheng Nu (singles who are in their late 20s and over 30) The popularity of television dating programs reflects a collective anxiety of single people, particularly the colony of sheng nan, sheng nu, and their families, said Xiang Jianxin, vice-president of Baihe.com, a dating network company. Dating shows provides lots of Sheng nan and Sheng nu a platform to meet potential date so they often appear on the dating shows. They tend to be successful on their career but they don’t have much time in their life to meet potential dates and need help on finding a good relationship. Unlike the old China, where young men and women would get marry at very young ages like 20 or younger, people’s marry age seems to keep postponing. More and more young people are now focusing on establishing their career instead of finding a good marriage. Therefore, as they get older, they start to be anxious about this marriage thing under the pressure from their family and society. Compared to ancient China, although women in modern China are offered a lot more opportunities to take positions and influence society in their own way, traditional patriarchal values still play an important role. Influenced by such social atmosphere, women are always look for men who are more wealthy and successful than themselves, while men prefer women who have inferior education, incomes or intelligence than they do. This situation can be considered as a social dilemma, which was very much brought up by the dating shows. Conversations on the topic of career verses love can often be viewed on the stage of the dating show. How will this complex be solved? People are very interested in this controversial social problem. 5.Commercial reasons Television companies’ commercial exploitation Commercial exploitation means media or business company hype for their own benefits. By exaggerating, normally they can reach the commercial effect that regular news or advertisement can’t. Usually commercial exploitations are well planned and fellow some routine. The show is as dramatic as a TV soap opera, says Liu Tingting, a married office worker in Beijing and regular viewer of the show. Browsing the comments for the shows on the Internet, you can see many people pointing out that plenty of the dramatic plots and conversations happen in the dating show are planned ahead. Sometimes the television company pays for some pretty women to participate the show and those women are simply acting on the stage. Cha (2012) claims that dating shows are also in the show business and are counted as entertaining shows. This means its ultimate goal is to entertaining the public and to increase its viewer base. Finally it benefits from the popularity. So those participants are used as tools to become popular by the shows in some way. Also, the host and the guest experts play very important roles in the shows. They sometimes judge the participants, sometimes make fun of them and always come up with dramatic comments. Television company draws viewers’ attention by presenting dramatic and controversial scenes on the stages, and eventually reach their goal of profiting. Therefore, in some way, the reason why dating shows are so popular in China is television companies’ commercial exploitation. Personal commercial exploitation Like television companies, there are certain kinds of people who want to become famous by showing up in the public, in this case, the stage of popular dating shows. This is also called commercial exploitation. Nowadays in China, attending dating shows has somehow become a shortcut of become a celebrity. Now we have already got a bunch of dating show stars, some of who have now even starting to take commercial offers and have made a lot of money. Remember the BMW girl Ma Nuo? She can be a great case here. Ma Nuo, a shallow, sharp-tongued, single girl, treats her chastity like used toilet paper because she wants to be a super star, one netizen, Wang Xi Jie, wrote on the popular Internet forum Tianya.cn. There is one article on the Chinanews online that talked about this personal commercial exploitation phenomenon. In this article, the author pointed out that nowadays is getting more and more common to have different girls commercial exploiting themselves on the dating shows and listed several popular ways of how they did it. By being typical material girl, by being cute like a child, by talking in a very sweet voice, by making shocking decisions, by being intellectual and by posting sexy photos can all be the methods of becoming famous. Those girls who acting like this have started to make money by their popularity. In Chinese society, now so many young people want to become famous by taking shortcut rather than making effort. So due to the fact that one can easily be known by the public simply by being dramatic, dating shows become more and more popular with the young girl.

Effect of PRF After Mandibular Third Molar Surgery

Effect of PRF After Mandibular Third Molar Surgery Post extraction wound healing and physiologic sequelae of third molar surgery can significantly affect the patient’s quality of life2. Various methods have been suggested to improve extraction socket healing and to minimize the postoperative sequelae after third molar surgery4,5. PRF is a second-generation platelet concentrate which is known to stimulate wound healing by releasing growth factors directly to the wound5,8,16,17. Recent studies demonstrated the PRF membrane has a very significant slow sustained release of key growth factors for at least 7 and up to 28 day13. Studies on PRF efficacy in enhancing wound healing have yielded differing results and also there is a divergence of opinion on the activity of PRF. Thus, there is the need for more studies to explore its use in oral and maxillofacial surgery. This study was therefore perceived to determine the effect, if any, that PRF has on postoperative sequelae and enhancement of bone healing after mandibular third molar s urgery. Patients and Methods The study sample consisted of 15 young adult volunteers 18 to 22 years old presenting with impacted mandibular third molars bilaterally and in similar positions. Patients using systemic drugs or presenting a medical history positive for any systemic pathology or a history of hypersensitivity to any component used in the methodology were not included. Each patient participated as a volunteer after signing an informed consent form on the study for extraction of impacted right and left mandibular third molars. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Ethics Committee prior to the commencement of the study. The following demographic information was collected: age, gender, occupation, marital status, and educational level. Furthermore, the position and type of impaction were recorded. The two operated sides in each patient were randomly divided into 2 study groups: extraction of an impacted mandibular third molar at first side whose socket was filled with blood clot and wound sutured (cont rol group), and extraction of an impacted mandibular third molar on the other side whose socket was filled with PRF gel and wound sutured (PRF group). A 10-point visual analog scale (VAS) with a score of 0 equals â€Å"no pain† and ten equals â€Å"very severe pain† was used to assess pain. Facial swelling was evaluated using a modification of the method described by Schultze-Mosgau et al9, and this entailed measuring the distances from the tragus to the oral commissure and tragus to the pogonion. The arithmetic sum of the two measurements was used to determine the facial swelling at the time point. The percentage facial swelling was calculated from the difference of the measurements made in the preoperative and postoperative periods divided by the value obtained in the preoperative period and multiplied by 100. (Swelling Postoperatively–Swelling Preoperatively) /Swelling Preoperatively X 100 Digital radiographs were used to evaluate changes in radiographic bone density for each extraction site. Three blinded dental professionals working independently evaluated all radiographs. RVG software was used for radiographic analysis. Radiographs were evaluated by three blinded dental professionals. The radiographs were assessed by obtaining the average density of three independent readings of the 3rd molar extraction socket sites. This was compared to the average of three density outlines of the adjacent tooth. When all radiographs for a patient were assessed, they were normalized to the original radiograph and the same untouched adjacent tooth. The baseline socket average was then subtracted from the normalized average for each tooth extraction socket at the different time points. The final, normalized socket value differences for each PRF-treated and non-PRF treated site for the various time points were compared. All radiographs were taken by a blinded, certified x-ray dental assistant. They were taken immediately post-operatively and at the following time after the day of surgery: 4th week, 8thweek and 12thweeks. Preparation of Platelet-Rich Fibrin PRF was prepared according to the technique described by Choukroun et al1. Twenty minutes before starting surgery, 10 mL of venous blood was collected in a sterilized dry, neutral glass tube without an anticoagulant. After immediate centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes, the platelet-poor plasma, which accumulated at the top, was discarded. PRF was removed approximately 2 mm below its connection to the red corpuscle beneath to include remaining platelets, which have been proposed to localize below the junction between PRF and the red corpuscle After 10 minutes, the gel was formed, and autologous PRF was applied immediately in the socket in the PRF group. Surgical Procedure- To standardize the surgical operations, all patients were operated by the same surgeon. The mandibular third molars of which the extraction sockets would receive PRF treatment were selected randomly before surgery and these molars were operated on first. After tooth extraction, the surgical area in the PRF group was isolated with gauze and the socket was filled with PRF gel. In the control group, the socket was not filled with PRF. The flap was repositioned by an interrupted suture with 3-0 silk suture. The patients received oral and written postoperative guidance, and follow-up was scheduled according to the study periods. Because only the bilateral mandibular third molars similarly impacted were selected for the study, there was no significant difference in the time and surgical trauma associated with surgical extractions. Immediately after the procedure, details of each procedure were recorded, including the duration of surgery in minutes (from the first incision to insertion of the last suture), and any intraoperative complications. Patients were then recalled at 1, 3, 7, and 14-day postoperative intervals. During such visits, data were recorded for postoperative pain,facial swelling and any untoward complications like infection and alveolar osteitis. Sutures were removed 7 days after surgical operation. Patients were also recalled at the 4th, 8th, and 12th week postoperatively for radiographic bone healing assessment. Results The mean age of the sample population was 21.40(range 18 to 35 years). There was no statistically significant difference in the age, gender, and type of impaction between both groups. In both groups, the mean postoperative pain score (VAS) was highest at postoperative day 1 and gradually reduced over the following 14 days. The mean postoperative pain score (VAS) was higher for PRF group than control group at all-time points when compared with the control group and was not statistically significant (P The percentage facial swelling for the PRF group relative to baseline value was 2.55%, 2.22%, and 0.28% on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7 respectively, whereas it was 1.86%, 1.5%, and 0.29%, respectively, in the non- PRF(control) group for the same period. The percentage facial swelling was highest at postoperative day 1 and gradually reduced over the following days for both groups. The mean percentage swelling was also higher for the PRP group at all-time points when compared with the control. However this difference also was found to be not statistically significant. The mean bone density score was higher in the PRF group than the non-PRP group over a 12-week period; and the differences were found to be statistically significant. The results of the present study clearly show that the application of autologous PRF in surgical wounds after tooth extraction allows acceleration of bone healing, as indicated by data with statistical differences (p DISCUSSION This prospective study evaluated the performance of PRF gel when applied to fresh extraction sites. Third molar extractions are often used as a measurement tool for comparing treatments because they are usually performed electively on a younger population that do not present with significant medical problems (e.g., systemic pathologies, multiple medications). Therefore, this study is especially relevant for healthy 18 to 40 year old patients. This study evaluated the effect of PRF gel on postoperative pain, swelling and bone regeneration potential on third molar extraction sockets. The mean postoperative pain score (VAS) and swelling were higher for the PRF group at all-time points as compared with the control group, but the differences obtained were found to be statistically non-significant. This suggests that topical application of PRF may not improve the postoperative sequelae after third molar surgery. Choukroun et al5 in a case report found reduced pain and better mouth opening when topical PRF gel was used in molar extraction sockets ,in contrast to this we observed increased pain and swelling when topical PRF gel was used in 3rd molar extraction socket . Intra-oral digital radiographs taken of the individual surgical sites revealed that the effects of PRF were significantly beneficial (P 6,similarly reported that the PRF induced complete bone filling of a residual cystic cavity in 2 months 2 weeks, a much shorter period than 6 to 12 months of physiologic healing. Choukroun et al7 in a case series on maxillary sinus lifting operations, 3 cases were treated with PRF and freeze-dried bone allograft mixture and 6 cases with freeze-dried bone allograft alone. Histomorphometric results of this study showed that PRF and allograft mixture accelerated bone regeneration, allowing implant placement in 4 months after maxillary sinus lifting procedure. Furthermore, the amount of newly formed bone was equivalent to that achieved with an allograft alone 8 months after surgery. Diss et al10 reported promising results after placing PRF instead of bone graft under the sinus membrane during a closed-sinus lifting technique and demonstrated that an ave rage of 3.2 mm bone gain could be obtained in the sinus after 1-year follow-up. However the results of our study does not correspond with the study from Gà ¼rbà ¼zer et al17 who reported scintigraphically, that platelet-rich fibrin might not bring about promoted activity of osteoblasts in impacted mandibular third molar sockets in 1 or 4 week after extraction. Accelerated bone formation observed is in contrast to the drop in bone density seen at the control site before bone formation began to take place. It took approximately 6 weeks for the control sites to reach the same bone density that the PRF-treated site had reached by 4 weeks. The PRF-induced acceleration in bone formation may be due to the presence of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in PRF that stimulates mesenchymal stem cells to begin osteoblast differentiation and subsequent calcification12,14,18. The immediate start of bone formation seen with PRF treatment is of clinical relevance because it is the initial 2 weeks following bone manipulation in oral surgery that are important in preventing infection, loss of the blood clot and/or dry socket formation. Digital panoramic radiographs might have been a better choice than digital periapical radiographs, as the 2 surgical sites would be represented on 1 film, eliminating the need for normalization between the sites. The disadvantage of digital panoramic radiographs is that these films have a 20 to 25% distortion factor because it is an extra-oral film, as opposed to the intra-oral individual (periapical) radiographs.The digital periapical radiograph was chosen over the panoramic radiograph due to the lower distortion, which results from being in close proximity to the site being evaluated. The CT scans might have exhibited greater differences between the PRF treated sites and the control sites, had they been obtained. Similarly Digital substraction radiography and histomorphometry have provided more sensitive methods of assessing bone healing but are quite invasive and expensive especially in a resource limited environment. Conclusion The results of the present study suggest that topical application of autologous PRF gel has a beneficial effect on the osseous healing of extraction sockets after third molar surgery but may not minimize the postoperative sequelae after 3rd molar surgery as its use was found to be associated with increased postoperative pain and swelling . However, a larger sample size in a multicenter study may be necessary before its routine use in extraction socket can be justified

Rumors in Baldwins Notes of a Native Son Essay example -- James Baldw

Rumors When students across the United States study the 1940’s, one main topic is focused on, World War II. Students learn that during the forties, Europe was war torn and America sent its troops overseas to fight in some of the most infamous battles of the twentieth century. But what is left out of history lessons is what was going on American soil when the battles across the ocean were raging on. This decade was a racially charged time in American history, even though this fact is over shadowed by the Nazis of Germany in history books. Several race riots occurred in the forties. Even though they were equal in violence to the riots of the Civil Rights Movement in the sixties, many Americans forget the riots of the forties. The biggest and bloodiest race riot of the 1940’s took place in Detroit, Michigan, in June of 1943. Several publications covered the riots, and none of the printed facts ever matched up until years later. This rioting resulted from a rumor that flow ed through city streets. The rumor and the riot that it caused destroyed an entire city and many human lives. James Baldwin emphasizes the historical significance of rumors and uses this theme in his essay, â€Å"Notes of a Native Son,† to highlight the struggle toward equality. On June 21, the city of Detroit exploded as racial tensions finally reached their boiling point. Various news organizations, such as Time and Newsweek, covered the story. At the time of the riots, none of the reported accounts of the uprising matched. The most disputed facts were the discrepancies regarding why the riot started, the number of deaths and injuries, and the exact time the riot began. Yet, most news sources reported that around six hundred people were taken into cu... ...etimes these tensions exploded into riots, as in Detroit. Printed sources of the time recorded bits and pieces of varying data and left out other information. The public was finally beginning to become conscious of the racial inequalities in American cities. In addition, James Baldwin provided future generations a view of the injustices of the time. Works Cited Brown, Earl. "The Truth About the Detroit Riot." Harper's Magazine Nov. 1943: 488-498. "Deep Trouble." Time 28 Jun. 1943: 19. Momboisse, Raymond M. Riots, Revolts and Insurrections. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, 1967. â€Å"Notes of a Native Son.† 1955. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 63-84. Person's Index: Facts On File. 3 vols. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1943. "Riotous Race Hate." Newsweek 28 Jun. 1943: 42-43. Rumors in Baldwin's Notes of a Native Son Essay example -- James Baldw Rumors When students across the United States study the 1940’s, one main topic is focused on, World War II. Students learn that during the forties, Europe was war torn and America sent its troops overseas to fight in some of the most infamous battles of the twentieth century. But what is left out of history lessons is what was going on American soil when the battles across the ocean were raging on. This decade was a racially charged time in American history, even though this fact is over shadowed by the Nazis of Germany in history books. Several race riots occurred in the forties. Even though they were equal in violence to the riots of the Civil Rights Movement in the sixties, many Americans forget the riots of the forties. The biggest and bloodiest race riot of the 1940’s took place in Detroit, Michigan, in June of 1943. Several publications covered the riots, and none of the printed facts ever matched up until years later. This rioting resulted from a rumor that flow ed through city streets. The rumor and the riot that it caused destroyed an entire city and many human lives. James Baldwin emphasizes the historical significance of rumors and uses this theme in his essay, â€Å"Notes of a Native Son,† to highlight the struggle toward equality. On June 21, the city of Detroit exploded as racial tensions finally reached their boiling point. Various news organizations, such as Time and Newsweek, covered the story. At the time of the riots, none of the reported accounts of the uprising matched. The most disputed facts were the discrepancies regarding why the riot started, the number of deaths and injuries, and the exact time the riot began. Yet, most news sources reported that around six hundred people were taken into cu... ...etimes these tensions exploded into riots, as in Detroit. Printed sources of the time recorded bits and pieces of varying data and left out other information. The public was finally beginning to become conscious of the racial inequalities in American cities. In addition, James Baldwin provided future generations a view of the injustices of the time. Works Cited Brown, Earl. "The Truth About the Detroit Riot." Harper's Magazine Nov. 1943: 488-498. "Deep Trouble." Time 28 Jun. 1943: 19. Momboisse, Raymond M. Riots, Revolts and Insurrections. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, 1967. â€Å"Notes of a Native Son.† 1955. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 63-84. Person's Index: Facts On File. 3 vols. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1943. "Riotous Race Hate." Newsweek 28 Jun. 1943: 42-43.

Lewis Carrolls Alice In Wonderland Essay -- Lewis Carroll Alice In Wo

Lewis Carroll's Alice In Wonderland â€Å"So she sat on, with closed eyes, and half believed herself in Wonderland, though she knew she had but to open them again, and all would change to dull reality . . .† (Carroll 119). Wonderland: a place where everything is different and the imagination is free to roam wild. A place where it does not matter how big a person is, but the intellect that is in a person. Existing in the dreams of children everywhere, wonderland is a place of escape, causing a person to think in new, different ways: a place like no other. Through his novel, Alice’s Adventure’s in Wonderland, Lewis Carroll captures and writes about a little girl’s adventures through her own dreamland. Upon waking up and telling her sister about her dream, her sister contemplates on wonderland, feeling as if she can throw her troubles away and escape to its enchantment. However, being older and having more responsibilities than Alice, she is forced to return to reality. But will the wonder land leave Alice forever? Wonderland is a place of the imagination that makes a person question all that is around him but gradually minimizes with age. Wonderland is a place of enchantment. Nothing is as it should be. Everything that a person has come to expect in reality becomes questioned until he begins doubting who he really is. When Alice first embarks on her journey through wonderland, she too wonders if she has changed instead of her surroundings: â€Å"Dear, dear! How queer everything is to-day! And yesterday things went on just as usual, I wonder if I’ve changed in the night? Let me think: was I the same when I got up this morning? I almost think I can remember feeling a little different. But if I’m not the same, the next question i... ...composed of a fifty-two deck of playing cards, taking on daily roles as painters and royalty, nothing is how it seems in reality. Wonderland is a place far from the life Alice is used to living. Wonderland is a place of imagination for children of all ages. When Alice’s sister awakens from her mini-dream about Alice’s wonderland, she hopes that Alice will be able to keep this imagination with her as she grows up. She wishes Alice to be able to make other children’s â€Å"eyes bright and eager with many a strange tale† (Carroll 120). Although the novel she reads in the park with Alice no longer has the pictures that Alice enjoys reading, her sister still carries a part of wonderland with her hidden waiting to expose itself. Works Cited Carroll, Lewis. Alice’s Adventure’s in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1999.

Total Quality Management - TQM Essay -- SixSigma Essays

I. INTRODUCTION Before you can begin to understand what total quality management is, you must know what quality is. Quality is the ability to satisfy, or even exceed, the needs and expectations of the customers. Total Quality Management is a management approach to long-term success through customer satisfaction. The participation of all members of an organization in improving processes, products, services, and the culture they work in is the basis of TQM. Total Quality Management, often called TQM, is a mind set. It is also a set of well-proven processes for achieving the mind set. The mind set is that everyone in your organization understands what their customers' expectations are and they meet those expectations every time. TQM, which has been available for many years, was originally developed in the United States and the Japanese were the first to visualize its benefits and apply it successfully. This paper will discuss the history of Total Quality Management and also its creator Dr. Wi lliam Edwards Deming. Also included is Dr. Deming's 14 Points of Management, which apply anywhere from small organizations to large organizations including everything from the service industries to the manufacturing industries and everything in between. They apply to a division within a company. The final topic discussed will be how TQM is implemented in the organizations. II. HISTORY Total Quality Management (TQM) is a participative management style that stresses total staff commitment to "customer" satisfaction. TQM is the part of management organized for the use of creating and implementing a continuous improvement process that constantly improves on the organization's effectiveness and also their efficiency. The main responsibility lies on not the workers or employees of a corporation, but rather the management. There are many very effective ways that corporations have implemented these strategies of TQM, but most commonly, it is acquired through data collection, flow charts, and diagrams. The development of Total Quality Management is attributed to Frederick W. Taylor, an engineer and the first management consultant. Statisticians, such as Walter A. Shewhart, Joseph M. Juran, Philip B. Cosby and most importantly Dr. W. Edwards Deming (1900-1993), were responsible for initiating the Total Quality Management process and share a common role ... ...for success. There are three basis implementations of TQM including concept of management, system of management (in which the Q-S.T.E.P. process is used), and traditional management. A company can decide on their implementation plan based on their personal needs. Dr. William Edwards Deming's philosophy of total quality management has proved effective in many organizations, and if companies are willing to embrace all of its ideas and concepts, it can be successful for them. REFERENCES Aguayo, R. (2010). Dr. Deming The American Who Taught the Japanese About Quality. New York: Carol Publishing Group. Gabor, A. (2009). The Man Who Discovered QUALITY. New York: Times Books, a division of Random House Inc. Green, L. TQM FAQ's. [Online]. Retrieved October 11, 2013 from: http://www.skyenet.net/~leg/tqmodel/tqmfaq.htm. Green, L. TQM Total Quality Management Diagnostics. [Online]. Retrieved October 16, 2013 from: http://www.skyenet.net/~leg/tqm.htm. Hellriegel, D., Jackson, S., Slocum, J. (2009). Management 10th Edition Ohio: South-Western College Publishing. Author Unknown. [Online]. Retrieved October 8, 2013 from: http://www.eskimo.com/~mighetto/1stqm.htm.

Effects of Pollution on World Economy Essay

Today, the increase in the world population and the fact that improved lives leads to life in the cities could only mean more pollution and a concern for every one. The daily requirements of the humans have created an unrelenting world where human enterprise would not be ignored. The direct or indirect involvement such has been created by the necessity to survive largely as the major reason. Although, at times the basic force behind that, is the human nature to live comfortable lives by making work easier. Human activities on the face of the earth have affected the natural settings leading to major environmental impacts. Damage to the environment through pollution has always been the overriding result rather than improvement and development. In the recent increase in green house gas emissions have been rampant therefore warranting research, analyses and survey. The green house gases include carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons that cause air pollution chemicals responsible for water pollution water and other metals that cause pollution to land and water (Hill, 2004). The analysis of pollution The graph below illustrates the yearly carbon emissions from different regions from 1800 up to 2000 in Million metric tons of carbon per year. From, this graph it is clear that the most leading countries in carbon emissions rank among the most developed countries. Developing countries and the less developed countries like Africa rank the lowest from this graph. It has been explained that less developed and developing countries is that economic costs of environmental regulation and compliance are small in respect to factors of production inclining more to those that influence comparative advantage (Gallagher, 2004) Source: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Online, n. d. There is evidence that increase in economic growth leads to an increase in pollution has been authenticated by the research in Mexico by the use of Kuznet curve. What Gallagher in his paper says is that pollution surpasses the economic growth thus the industries must come with strong environment strategies to ensure hat the growth of both are at per. Otherwise pollution leads to loss of profits made by an industry. This means that pollution eats back to what has lead to the accumulation of wealth (Gallagher, 2004). Pollution effects from a negative outlook What do we mean by the term environment? The environment is composed of the natural situations that form the human living space. This means that these are the inputs for nature that man has to turn to at one point of his life for survival or to aid in acquisition of an otherwise important need in his or her life. In economic terms the environment is seen as a scarce good that has its own special attributes (Siebert, 2007). The argument is that environment has two conflicting functions, one being a public consumption good and the other a home for deposition of waste from the consumption and production processes. The transformation of the environment on the other hand has affected the humans and the enterprise leading to a cyclic system; a system that works by triggering form one end and the process comes back trough and from another end. One of the major environmental impacts has been pollution thus this research paper will concern on how pollution affects the world economy from all perspectives. Pollution in the world has seen the increase in carbon dioxide and fixation of nitrogen present in air since the start of industrial revolution. The major reason for this increase is due to human activities changing and recoursing the natural law order of making and degeneration of organic and inorganic substances. Fresh water available sources have been put into human use and millions of birds have gone to extinction due to human activities. It is very clear that the rate of degeneration caused by man is much faster than the way natural order would take to replace back or deal with the amount of excretion. This therefore, means we have a cause to worry because in the quest for dominion of the earth and to improve our lives the other side of the balance is getting heavier. The process of natural replacement requires one to a hundred years to be effective therefore if pollution goes on with the same kind of alarming rate then man has to use his own means to replace the depleted materials to their original levels. This is very costly and affects the world’s economy negatively (Ash & Scholes, 2005). It is thus crucial to harmonize the different views on pollution to achieve pragmatism and success in the fight against man’s environment eventual extinction due to his own activities. This statement stems from the fact that pollution rates are different form the position of the country or region in that developing countries have the highest rates of pollution. This is a result of inadequate and many times lack of planning policies for the management of the waste form industries. On the other hand the rampant corruption harbored in these countries contributes immensely to the mismanagement of funds meant for the environment conservation and measures taken to avert the consequences of industrial effluents. However this does not mean that the developed countries are an exempt from this blame. Some of the most developed countries like America have large number of pollution from industries leading to mass destruction of animals especially in rivers lakes. At times these pollutant ranges to national border effects transported by agents like water and wind. Most of the large world economies since 1980’s have adopted the liberalized economy. This involves the right to engage in free trade using the available means of production. This thus, raises the concern of economy from the effect of pollution as a result of different countries applying all their resources to beat their inadequacy. This has translated to pollution taking two major turns. The first is the pollution from production and the second is pollution arising from consumption. In the quest to sustain energy production and sufficient supply of power major economies like China have resulted to using nuclear energy. This source of energy is renewable but has high dangers of leaking emission s to the atmosphere which can be lethal. The fact is that if it is lethal then it upsets the supply of labor if death occurs due to its results (Ash and Scholes, 2005). Labor is a very important factor of production which when terminated can lead to closure of factories besides causing negative growth. A very good example is the Bhopal accident in India that lead to the closure of the pesticide company due to death of 2000 to 8000 workers hours after the accident. Therefore the increased concern in the world environmental management has lead to United Nations concern of a fast fading natural setting world. This can be explained by the Kyoto protocol of 1997 which sought to achieve stabilization of green house gas concentrations in the atmosphere from dangerous levels that cause anthropogenic interference with the climate of the world. Many less developed and developing countries find themselves in situations of lack of enough capital to invest in the business equipment. It is therefore to assign a mammoth task to ask these business firms or industries to assign capital for purposes of preventing pollution. The implication from such kind of scenarios is that the externalities of pollution end up being passed to the society and to the governments indirectly. It is common in these economies to find that strategic industries are exempted from policies that are meant to curb the externalities because governments are not in position to make policies of internalization due to the importance attached (Stellman & Bureau, 1998). Pollution has proved to be very costly to countries in terms of health and safety, waste, and clean up costs. Of most crucial point to be noted is the reduced life expectancy especially in developing nations. When pollution either air, water, land, noise or any other has adverse effects to the humans it becomes a major concern to check and rationalize the existence of such a firm or industry. Human life should be first be respected from any angle of perspective. The United Nations millennium goals state that life is a right that is inalienable. Therefore, the slightest notion that life human life is at risk should not be taken lightly. Gravity lies at the core of issues pertaining pollution and disturbance of human life. The greatest damage to the economy would be to destroy human life emanating from pollution. First it is not easy to diagnose the various signs and symptoms resulting from instances of pollution in the environment. This requires specialized personnel, equipments and a variety of high demanding technology to sort out the problem. Nonetheless, some of the effects to human health are life lasting thus the issues of compensation cannot be avoided. The point here is that a long and time exposure to pollution is an expense to the economy of a country. The expenditure in treating and maintaining health of humans caused by pollution is a major drawback to achieving success in the global development especially if the magnitude of such pollution is very prolonged over a long period of time (Limited, 2001). The other way of looking at the effect of pollution to the economy is the customer relation to pollution. From the point of any organization, firm, or business the ultimate final goal is to make profit. This means that form the management of business affairs all means must be employed to remain in the market for a long time and outdo other rival business or firms. This from the business point of view is very encouraging but to look at the other side of the face it has an ugly look. Pollution being a costly project requires planning for efficiency to balance internalities and externalities of a business. The damage that is done to the economy is that this cost is passed to the consumer. Such an economy where the consumer is robbed of the power to buy is a weak economy that is not driven by the market forces. It results to exploitation of the employer to the employee sine he has the means. The employee only works to achieve the basic needs. There is no pleasure derived from work thus the value of work in such an economy is downtrodden (Driesen, 2003). Pollution had had a myriad of problems and affects the economy of the world in a myriad ways. It is therefore, pertinent to mention that it might not be possible to tackle al of them. However, one major effect of pollution to the economy is international trade. The concept of international trade operates form the point of multinational companies moving to transnational border and trade relations between states. The fact that most of the products are transported from their place of manufacture to heir places of consumption means that they offer employment, so when such goods are found to be below standards or then they might be rejected. This means that the number of people who were working from these firms is laid off. This increases the rate of unemployment of such places in such countries. In this context, if such firms are closed the chances to improve are thwarted thus no chance is given to the possibility of innovation (Driesen, 2003). Conclusion In the light of this research paper it is worth to note that the effects of pollution have also a positive side. Already discussed above are the negative effects thus, the following part will try to look at the positive aspect of pollution. It might sound rather unconvincing but the approach will try to authenticate the concern correctly. Pollution being seen from the international trade of states lens can lead to effective prevention. This is possible from the fact that if a certain state identifies a certain product to be a pollutant then measures to control the production of such a product are put in place. This means that the regulations will apply to other state trading with this nation. This means that the overall economies are focused to have products that are acceptable to them and to other member states. This at he same time means that if pollution prevention measures are put in place the firms and manufacturing companies seek the alternative of innovating other methods to produce better goods that are in lime with the regulations on pollution prevention. This means that the products that arise as a result for this new invention are better placed thus they penetrate markets to leap heavily at the expense of the earlier polluting products. This raises the firm’s reputation as well as the market advantage (Driesen, 2003). At the same time, this new invention lead to offer of new employment thus the once aversive pollution firm now becomes the centre of interest by complete change of ideology and repackaging. If a manufacturing firm changes its products from the polluting ones to the zero or less polluting ones there is an increase in the requirement from the market due to the increase in population. This means that industrialization takes human life and aspects to another level of civilization. Thus, if there is no pollution we might be stagnating with obsolete technology that does not help mankind. Tabb argues that an economy grows from the pollution that emanates from the industries. If workers must die from pollution and in the response economy grows, then pollution is might be justified (Tabb, 1992).

Concept Analysis of Pain

conception Analysis of hurtfulness Kwanei Holloway Austin Peay State University Abstract nuisanceful angiotensin converting enzyme has always been a major cistron in healthc be. This paper will feel pang as it relates to suck, medicine, and forcible therapy. tot each(prenominal)y of the information gathered is crumbled in reference to how both(prenominal)eration relates to hospital stay, rehabilitation, and pr heretoforetion. I will ultimately give an boilers suit picture of the importance of ache and how it relates to treat as well as tender(prenominal) disciplines. Introduction This paper is a plant analysis of what is k in a flashn as the fifth bouncy sign PAIN.As decl atomic number 18d by Hsiao, Wu, & Chen (2013), treat provide are the major group of health lot professionals who make out crucial functions in delivering nursing make out to in tolerants. I will attempt to disembowel ache as it relates to nursing, medicine, and somatogenetic thera py. When selecting a concept, I began by opinion what is an enceinte ingredient in the nursing line and could be analyzed in to a prominenter extent detail. spite is a federal agent that is judgement of differently by m any(prenominal). It is a genuinely subjective factor and that applies to the perseverings, physicians, and nurses.Yes, it is the enduring that feels the distract but it is the physician who writes the orders and the nurse who transcribes it. I then figured that this area of nursing practice would be a great concept to analyze. incommode is a trace triggered in the nervous establishment. ail may be sharp or dull. It may come and go, or it may be constant. You may feel twinge in one area of your body, much(prenominal) as your covering, abdomen or chest or you may feel wo(e)fulness sensation either over, such as when your muscles ache from the flu. Pain quite a little be helpful in diagnosing a problem.Without trouble oneself, you major powe r sternly hurt yourself without knowing it, or you might not realize you film a medical problem that needs treatment. at one metre you pursue care of the problem, chafe usually goes away. However, approximatelytimes put out goes on for weeks, months or even classs. This is called degenerative twinge. Sometimes chronic chafe is refer sufficient to an ongoing come, such as piece of asscer or arthritis (Pain). In the nursing field as well as any other areas of healthcare, agony is a vital factor when dealing with the deli genuinely of care. It is the right of he physician to ensure relief from annoyance by writing the orders, it is the responsibility of the nurse to carry out the orders and give the disturb medication, and in the area of physical therapy it is their responsibility to ensure that the diligent is medicated to retrieve the best(p) results while in therapy. Purpose and method The purposes are to define what pain is considered to be in relationship t o the patient, nurse, physician, and physical therapist. It is also, to gamble out the subjectiveness of the fifth vital sign and to explore pain as it relates to hospitalization.Walker & Avant (2005) guided this concept analysis study. Pain in Nursing Almost 35 million patients were castd from U. S. hospitals in 2004 of these patients, 46 percent had a surgical outgrowth and 16 percent had one or more diagnostic procedures. Pain is common, and expected, aft(prenominal) surgery. Recent data suggest 80 percent of patients experience pain postoperatively with between 11 and 20 percent experiencing severe pain, (Wells, Pasero, & Mcraffery, 2008).There are many alter factors as pain relates to nursing. Pain is the burning(prenominal) factor that contributes to a person decision making to seek medical attention. It is very important to involve this as a get around of an assessment be suit it fag end affect so many other things. It can cause a profligate pressure to be elevat ed, it can increase a blood glucose, and can cause an overall fray in the patients hospital stay or ADLs. In nursing our aim is to domiciliate comfort and surrccome to the patients needs as a part of their overall care plan.As tell by Wells, Pasero, & Mcraffery, 2008, inadequately managed pain can lead to adverse physical and psychological patient outcomes for separate patients and their families. Continuous, unrelieved pain activates the pituitary-adrenal axis, which can suppress the immune ashes and result in postsurgical infection and curt wound healing. Pain in medicament Medical professionals hand over a big impact on pain as it relates to healthcare. Physicians fox to generate a care plan that will ultimately be in the favor of the patient as far as relieving the pain in the most appropriate way.This is achieved by not altering consciousness, chemical formula ADLs, and in the regenerate combination with other medications. The board strongly urges physicians and surg eons to view effective pain perplexity as a high antecedency in all patients, including children, the elderly, and patients who are terminally ill. Pain should be assessed and toughened promptly, efficaciously and for as long as pain persists. The medical tension of pain should be based on up-to-date association about pain, pain assessment and pain treatment (Guidelines for prescribing, 2007).Nociception is the term used to delineate the neural processes by which a pestilential substance or a tissue damaging event such as surgical incision is perceived as pain (Fig 1). This is described in quad stages, transduction, transmission, perception and modulation. Nociception involves a complex interaction between the off-base nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) as well as an evaluation of patients pre and post-operative psychological and environmental influences (Wood, 2010). Pain in carnal TherapyDue to factors such as surgery, stroke, or rudimentary decon ditioning there is a need for rehabilitation. physical Therapist play an essential section in the patients road to recovery. A patient-centered reconstructive surface that emphasizes restoration of normal bowel motionment and function incorporates physical therapy as a vital component of the collaborative approach required for effective pain management (Physical therapy for, 1998). Overall therapy is lessened with pain. Patients move slower and are less conglomerate with therapy if pain is present.Therapy is put into place to get those muscles moving and to later reduce pain as it relates to contributing factors. These factors may admit surgeries (hip or knee replacements), amputations (AKA, BKA, Metatarsal, and digital), and weakness (from CVA, CABG, and decrease movements). Patients with pain perceive an equivalent take aim of exertion at a importantly lower level of performance, a conclusion accounted for by both central (cardiorespiratory) and peripheral (muscle strengt h and recruitment) factors.Inactivity also deprives bones, joint cartilage, and connexion tissue of the mechanical stress needful to maintain tensile and compressive strength and elasticity. point is building that motor take and proprioceptive efficiency are altered, balance is compromised, and reaction times are slower in persons who are unfit or exact pain (Physical therapy for, 1998). Essential/ minute AttributesAccording to Cheng, Foster & Huang, (2003) the critical attributes of pain include (a) unpleasant and distressful experiences originating from physical sensation and having both positive and negative meanings for an individual (b) an individual human experience (c) a state of feeling in both sensation and emotion (verbal), and behavioral components (d) physical and psychological responses to the stimulus (e) function of pain, including preventative and warning signs (f) pain responses are wise(p) and influenced by privateity, environment, emotions, social and cul ture. Model exercise Mrs.K is a 37 year old(a)ish female with recent diagnosis of front cancer. She has recently undergone a mastectomy and is now in the hospital for recovery. Upon the nurses hourly rounds she discovered Mrs. K crying, when asked what the nurse could do to help she stated that I am in pain and cant believe that I only have one titmouse now, Im ugly and would have never thought it would hurt this abominable. The nurse consoled her and brought pain meds. When returning the patient thanked the nurse for the talk and she stated that the pain had eased and she always thought she would have breast cancer imputable to both her mom and nan having it.Related geek Mrs. T is a 35 year old female with breast soreness and discharge. She was build to only have fibroid tissue and zero metastatic in her breast, but due to family history she elected to have bilaterally symmetric mastectomies. She was ordered a PCA pump due to hourly pain calls and when the nurse entered the style she was crying c/o free burning pain. She states I cant take this pain and I hate I did this. The nurse took time to talk with the patient and informed the physician of her crying and got new orders.During the nurses hourly rounds she found her sitting up on the phone and she explained to the nurse that she feels better(p) and glad that she had the surgery because she did not expect to go done what her mother and grandmother went through with breast cancer. Contrary Case Mr. M is a 45 year old that had a motor fomite accident when he was 20 and is now going from hospital to hospital to fork out to get IV pain medication. He complains of back pain but roentgen ray results does not commemorate any back issues but due to out of control behavior he is admitted and given pain medication. He refuses all by verbalise pain meds and demands IV meds.He does not show any signs of pain when assessed and all staff believes him to be addicted to pain medication. A psych consult is ordered. This patient is not in true pain but has psychiatric issues. Antecedents and Consequences For this particular concept the antecedents and consequences would be all inter related to due to the fact that in nursing, medicine, and physical therapy the same factors apply for pain. Environmental, personal and cultural values act as antecedents related to the concept of pain. The consequences of pain are related to pain reaction and the individuals get interpretation of the meaning of pain.Pain reaction has a more physical and biological focus coping with pain refers to the perception of pain and is psychologically focused (Cheng, Foster Huang, 2003). When ciphering of environmental, personal, and cultural values you begin to moot of things such as the patients comorbidities, what the patient perceives as pain, and in their culture how is pain thought of. In many cultures it may be thought of that you must tolerate pain as long as you can while in other cultures their pain threshold is low so any uncomfortable feeling renders a pain medication.Consequences ultimately come from the patient themselves, what is perceived as pain and their history of pain. For example, a patient that has had a laminectomy may think because the pain was horrific the first time that it will be the same the abutting time, expecting the same relief factors even if the pain is not the same. Empirical Referents Empirical Referents are stated as what it used to touchstone the concept. Pain is very subjective and they have yet to invent an objective hear that will give you the accuracy of some ones pain. They are measured by a scaling system.Most eggshells make pain measurable, and can tell providers whether your pain is mild, moderate or severe. They can also set baselines and trends for your pain, making it easier to find appropriate treatments. This includes the Numerical paygrade scale a scratchg for a pain rating on a scale of 1-10, the Wong-Baker scale which will incl ude seventh cranial nerve expressions to emphasize pain, or the Verbal-rating scale and in this scale the patient must carry out a questionnaire to describe their pain in more detail (Jacques, 2010). Implications in Nursing In nursing pain is a major factor in treating the patient as it relates to the overall hospitalization.How are we able to get the blood pressure experience if the patient is in constant pain? or how can I discharge a patient when they are in a lot of pain? Implications in nursing goes for all aspects of nursing from scrape up integrity to normal ADLs. A patient may not turn as they should because they are in the fetal position due to pain which could cause skin issues or pain will cause them not to take a bathe as usual. Pain can even cause depression as it decreases normal functioning. This concept is very important in the nursing field and should be treated and assessed appropriately.Conclusion In conclusion I chose to analyze pain as it relates to nursing , medicine, and physical therapy. It is a major factor in that it is related to all aspects of care that is received by these disciplines. Pain is the main contributing factor that causes someone to seek medical attention. Without pain we could have serious issues being that we would not know when were sick, burned, or injured. Pain is very important in healthcare and applies to nursing, medicine, and physical therapy. References Desai, G. , Chaturvedi, S. (2012). Pain with no cause urses perception. Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 18(3), 162. Retrieved from http//www. medknow. com Hsiao, J. L. , Wu, W. C. , & Chen , R. F. (2013). Factors of evaluate pain management decision life systems by nurse anesthetists. BMC Medical information processing and Decision Making, 13, 16. Retrieved from http//www. biomedcentral. com/bmcmedinformdecismak/ (n. d. ). Pain. Med Plus Trusted training for You, Retrieved from http//www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/pain. html Walker, L. & Avant, K. (2 005). Strategies for theory construction in nursing (4th ed. ).Upper Saddle River, NJ learner Wells, N. , Pasero, C. , & McCaffery, M. (2008). Improving the quality of care through pain assessment and management. Patient gumshoe and Quality An evidence based handbook for nursing, Retrieved from http//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/books/NBK2658/ (2007). Guidelines for prescribing controlled substances for pain. Medical Board of California, Retrieved from http//www. mbc. ca. gov/pain_guidelines. html Wood, S. (2010). mail service operative pain 1 reasonableness the factors affecting patients experiences of pain. Retrieved from http//www. nursingtimes. et/nursing-practice/clinical-zones/pain-management/post-operative-pain-1-understanding-the-factors-affecting-patients-experiences-of-pain/5021696. article (1998). Physical therapy for chronic pain. 6(3), Retrieved from www. iasp-pain. org/AM/TemplateRedirect. cfm? template=/CM/ Cheng, S. , Foster, R. , & Huang, C. (2003). Concept analysi s of pain. Retrieved from www. tzuchi. com. tw/file/DivIntro/nursing/ study/92-3/3. Jacques, E. (2010). Using pain scales to effectively state pain intensity. Can you rate your pain? , Retrieved from http//pain. about. com/od/testingdiagnosis/a/pain_scales. htm