Concept Analysis of Pain

conception Analysis of hurtfulness Kwanei Holloway Austin Peay State University Abstract nuisanceful angiotensin converting enzyme has always been a major cistron in healthc be. This paper will feel pang as it relates to suck, medicine, and forcible therapy. tot each(prenominal)y of the information gathered is crumbled in reference to how both(prenominal)eration relates to hospital stay, rehabilitation, and pr heretoforetion. I will ultimately give an boilers suit picture of the importance of ache and how it relates to treat as well as tender(prenominal) disciplines. Introduction This paper is a plant analysis of what is k in a flashn as the fifth bouncy sign PAIN.As decl atomic number 18d by Hsiao, Wu, & Chen (2013), treat provide are the major group of health lot professionals who make out crucial functions in delivering nursing make out to in tolerants. I will attempt to disembowel ache as it relates to nursing, medicine, and somatogenetic thera py. When selecting a concept, I began by opinion what is an enceinte ingredient in the nursing line and could be analyzed in to a prominenter extent detail. spite is a federal agent that is judgement of differently by m any(prenominal). It is a genuinely subjective factor and that applies to the perseverings, physicians, and nurses.Yes, it is the enduring that feels the distract but it is the physician who writes the orders and the nurse who transcribes it. I then figured that this area of nursing practice would be a great concept to analyze. incommode is a trace triggered in the nervous establishment. ail may be sharp or dull. It may come and go, or it may be constant. You may feel twinge in one area of your body, much(prenominal) as your covering, abdomen or chest or you may feel wo(e)fulness sensation either over, such as when your muscles ache from the flu. Pain quite a little be helpful in diagnosing a problem.Without trouble oneself, you major powe r sternly hurt yourself without knowing it, or you might not realize you film a medical problem that needs treatment. at one metre you pursue care of the problem, chafe usually goes away. However, approximatelytimes put out goes on for weeks, months or even classs. This is called degenerative twinge. Sometimes chronic chafe is refer sufficient to an ongoing come, such as piece of asscer or arthritis (Pain). In the nursing field as well as any other areas of healthcare, agony is a vital factor when dealing with the deli genuinely of care. It is the right of he physician to ensure relief from annoyance by writing the orders, it is the responsibility of the nurse to carry out the orders and give the disturb medication, and in the area of physical therapy it is their responsibility to ensure that the diligent is medicated to retrieve the best(p) results while in therapy. Purpose and method The purposes are to define what pain is considered to be in relationship t o the patient, nurse, physician, and physical therapist. It is also, to gamble out the subjectiveness of the fifth vital sign and to explore pain as it relates to hospitalization.Walker & Avant (2005) guided this concept analysis study. Pain in Nursing Almost 35 million patients were castd from U. S. hospitals in 2004 of these patients, 46 percent had a surgical outgrowth and 16 percent had one or more diagnostic procedures. Pain is common, and expected, aft(prenominal) surgery. Recent data suggest 80 percent of patients experience pain postoperatively with between 11 and 20 percent experiencing severe pain, (Wells, Pasero, & Mcraffery, 2008).There are many alter factors as pain relates to nursing. Pain is the burning(prenominal) factor that contributes to a person decision making to seek medical attention. It is very important to involve this as a get around of an assessment be suit it fag end affect so many other things. It can cause a profligate pressure to be elevat ed, it can increase a blood glucose, and can cause an overall fray in the patients hospital stay or ADLs. In nursing our aim is to domiciliate comfort and surrccome to the patients needs as a part of their overall care plan.As tell by Wells, Pasero, & Mcraffery, 2008, inadequately managed pain can lead to adverse physical and psychological patient outcomes for separate patients and their families. Continuous, unrelieved pain activates the pituitary-adrenal axis, which can suppress the immune ashes and result in postsurgical infection and curt wound healing. Pain in medicament Medical professionals hand over a big impact on pain as it relates to healthcare. Physicians fox to generate a care plan that will ultimately be in the favor of the patient as far as relieving the pain in the most appropriate way.This is achieved by not altering consciousness, chemical formula ADLs, and in the regenerate combination with other medications. The board strongly urges physicians and surg eons to view effective pain perplexity as a high antecedency in all patients, including children, the elderly, and patients who are terminally ill. Pain should be assessed and toughened promptly, efficaciously and for as long as pain persists. The medical tension of pain should be based on up-to-date association about pain, pain assessment and pain treatment (Guidelines for prescribing, 2007).Nociception is the term used to delineate the neural processes by which a pestilential substance or a tissue damaging event such as surgical incision is perceived as pain (Fig 1). This is described in quad stages, transduction, transmission, perception and modulation. Nociception involves a complex interaction between the off-base nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) as well as an evaluation of patients pre and post-operative psychological and environmental influences (Wood, 2010). Pain in carnal TherapyDue to factors such as surgery, stroke, or rudimentary decon ditioning there is a need for rehabilitation. physical Therapist play an essential section in the patients road to recovery. A patient-centered reconstructive surface that emphasizes restoration of normal bowel motionment and function incorporates physical therapy as a vital component of the collaborative approach required for effective pain management (Physical therapy for, 1998). Overall therapy is lessened with pain. Patients move slower and are less conglomerate with therapy if pain is present.Therapy is put into place to get those muscles moving and to later reduce pain as it relates to contributing factors. These factors may admit surgeries (hip or knee replacements), amputations (AKA, BKA, Metatarsal, and digital), and weakness (from CVA, CABG, and decrease movements). Patients with pain perceive an equivalent take aim of exertion at a importantly lower level of performance, a conclusion accounted for by both central (cardiorespiratory) and peripheral (muscle strengt h and recruitment) factors.Inactivity also deprives bones, joint cartilage, and connexion tissue of the mechanical stress needful to maintain tensile and compressive strength and elasticity. point is building that motor take and proprioceptive efficiency are altered, balance is compromised, and reaction times are slower in persons who are unfit or exact pain (Physical therapy for, 1998). Essential/ minute AttributesAccording to Cheng, Foster & Huang, (2003) the critical attributes of pain include (a) unpleasant and distressful experiences originating from physical sensation and having both positive and negative meanings for an individual (b) an individual human experience (c) a state of feeling in both sensation and emotion (verbal), and behavioral components (d) physical and psychological responses to the stimulus (e) function of pain, including preventative and warning signs (f) pain responses are wise(p) and influenced by privateity, environment, emotions, social and cul ture. Model exercise Mrs.K is a 37 year old(a)ish female with recent diagnosis of front cancer. She has recently undergone a mastectomy and is now in the hospital for recovery. Upon the nurses hourly rounds she discovered Mrs. K crying, when asked what the nurse could do to help she stated that I am in pain and cant believe that I only have one titmouse now, Im ugly and would have never thought it would hurt this abominable. The nurse consoled her and brought pain meds. When returning the patient thanked the nurse for the talk and she stated that the pain had eased and she always thought she would have breast cancer imputable to both her mom and nan having it.Related geek Mrs. T is a 35 year old female with breast soreness and discharge. She was build to only have fibroid tissue and zero metastatic in her breast, but due to family history she elected to have bilaterally symmetric mastectomies. She was ordered a PCA pump due to hourly pain calls and when the nurse entered the style she was crying c/o free burning pain. She states I cant take this pain and I hate I did this. The nurse took time to talk with the patient and informed the physician of her crying and got new orders.During the nurses hourly rounds she found her sitting up on the phone and she explained to the nurse that she feels better(p) and glad that she had the surgery because she did not expect to go done what her mother and grandmother went through with breast cancer. Contrary Case Mr. M is a 45 year old that had a motor fomite accident when he was 20 and is now going from hospital to hospital to fork out to get IV pain medication. He complains of back pain but roentgen ray results does not commemorate any back issues but due to out of control behavior he is admitted and given pain medication. He refuses all by verbalise pain meds and demands IV meds.He does not show any signs of pain when assessed and all staff believes him to be addicted to pain medication. A psych consult is ordered. This patient is not in true pain but has psychiatric issues. Antecedents and Consequences For this particular concept the antecedents and consequences would be all inter related to due to the fact that in nursing, medicine, and physical therapy the same factors apply for pain. Environmental, personal and cultural values act as antecedents related to the concept of pain. The consequences of pain are related to pain reaction and the individuals get interpretation of the meaning of pain.Pain reaction has a more physical and biological focus coping with pain refers to the perception of pain and is psychologically focused (Cheng, Foster Huang, 2003). When ciphering of environmental, personal, and cultural values you begin to moot of things such as the patients comorbidities, what the patient perceives as pain, and in their culture how is pain thought of. In many cultures it may be thought of that you must tolerate pain as long as you can while in other cultures their pain threshold is low so any uncomfortable feeling renders a pain medication.Consequences ultimately come from the patient themselves, what is perceived as pain and their history of pain. For example, a patient that has had a laminectomy may think because the pain was horrific the first time that it will be the same the abutting time, expecting the same relief factors even if the pain is not the same. Empirical Referents Empirical Referents are stated as what it used to touchstone the concept. Pain is very subjective and they have yet to invent an objective hear that will give you the accuracy of some ones pain. They are measured by a scaling system.Most eggshells make pain measurable, and can tell providers whether your pain is mild, moderate or severe. They can also set baselines and trends for your pain, making it easier to find appropriate treatments. This includes the Numerical paygrade scale a scratchg for a pain rating on a scale of 1-10, the Wong-Baker scale which will incl ude seventh cranial nerve expressions to emphasize pain, or the Verbal-rating scale and in this scale the patient must carry out a questionnaire to describe their pain in more detail (Jacques, 2010). Implications in Nursing In nursing pain is a major factor in treating the patient as it relates to the overall hospitalization.How are we able to get the blood pressure experience if the patient is in constant pain? or how can I discharge a patient when they are in a lot of pain? Implications in nursing goes for all aspects of nursing from scrape up integrity to normal ADLs. A patient may not turn as they should because they are in the fetal position due to pain which could cause skin issues or pain will cause them not to take a bathe as usual. Pain can even cause depression as it decreases normal functioning. This concept is very important in the nursing field and should be treated and assessed appropriately.Conclusion In conclusion I chose to analyze pain as it relates to nursing , medicine, and physical therapy. It is a major factor in that it is related to all aspects of care that is received by these disciplines. Pain is the main contributing factor that causes someone to seek medical attention. Without pain we could have serious issues being that we would not know when were sick, burned, or injured. Pain is very important in healthcare and applies to nursing, medicine, and physical therapy. References Desai, G. , Chaturvedi, S. (2012). Pain with no cause urses perception. Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 18(3), 162. Retrieved from http//www. medknow. com Hsiao, J. L. , Wu, W. C. , & Chen , R. F. (2013). Factors of evaluate pain management decision life systems by nurse anesthetists. BMC Medical information processing and Decision Making, 13, 16. Retrieved from http//www. biomedcentral. com/bmcmedinformdecismak/ (n. d. ). Pain. Med Plus Trusted training for You, Retrieved from http//www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/pain. html Walker, L. & Avant, K. (2 005). Strategies for theory construction in nursing (4th ed. ).Upper Saddle River, NJ learner Wells, N. , Pasero, C. , & McCaffery, M. (2008). Improving the quality of care through pain assessment and management. Patient gumshoe and Quality An evidence based handbook for nursing, Retrieved from http//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/books/NBK2658/ (2007). Guidelines for prescribing controlled substances for pain. Medical Board of California, Retrieved from http//www. mbc. ca. gov/pain_guidelines. html Wood, S. (2010). mail service operative pain 1 reasonableness the factors affecting patients experiences of pain. Retrieved from http//www. nursingtimes. et/nursing-practice/clinical-zones/pain-management/post-operative-pain-1-understanding-the-factors-affecting-patients-experiences-of-pain/5021696. article (1998). Physical therapy for chronic pain. 6(3), Retrieved from www. iasp-pain. org/AM/TemplateRedirect. cfm? template=/CM/ Cheng, S. , Foster, R. , & Huang, C. (2003). Concept analysi s of pain. Retrieved from www. tzuchi. com. tw/file/DivIntro/nursing/ study/92-3/3. Jacques, E. (2010). Using pain scales to effectively state pain intensity. Can you rate your pain? , Retrieved from http//pain. about. com/od/testingdiagnosis/a/pain_scales. htm