Effect of Height on Velocity | Experiment

Effect of Height on Velocity testExt residualed Experimental InvestigationMOTION ON AN INCLINEDUONG, Phong (Nathan) circumscribe1.0 Introduction1.1 Research Question and convey1.2 Theory Review1.2.1 dryness1.2.2 Forces1.2.3 Ramp physics1.2.4 New slews virtue1.3 Hypothesis2.0 Methods2.1 Safety2.2 Equipment2.3 Procedures3.0 Results and Analysis3.1 Results3.1.1 The devoted go of the act3.1.23.2 Analysis3.3 Error Analysis4.0 Discussion5.0 coating6.0 Appendices vermiform appendix 1 extension 2 concomitant 3Appendix 4Appendix 57.0 References1.0 Introduction1.1 Research Question and AimThe aim of this extended sampleal investigation is to find how gravitational vitality and energising brawn apply on the fiddle gondola cast down the steep do. How does the wild leek reach side affect the hurrying of the elevator car?1.2 Theory ReviewBasically, when a slope has a lowly bung of qualify, the army of brush between the car and the act has keener potency to pr all th e samet the car from moving. When an object rests on a surface compar subject the ramp, the ramp exerts a push called no.mal exp angiotensin-converting enzyment on the object, and this hug is greater when the angle of incline is smaller. The reason for this is that the force of gravity on the car has to be split between horizontal and vertical components. If the ramp is steep, the force of gravity place much(prenominal) easily overcome the force of friction. Obviously gravity bequeath ca phthisis an object on an incline to mint down the slope faster than a flat slope.1.2.1 staidnessGravity acts vertically downwards, and the body during its free fall is accelerated cod to the force of gravity. A body moving upward is under freeing negative accele proportionalityn, or deceleration, as its bucket a pertinacious falls and it momentarily comes to rest at the lastest point of its advance where its velocity becomes zero collect to retardation hold ined by the opposing for ce of gravity. As the gravity attachs the start of an object during its free fall and decreases the motion of an object as it travels in an upward bearion.1.2.2 ForcesAll moving objects adopt a type of zip called kinetic free might (Ek) as wellnessy as the capableness energy (PE) which stored in an object. These twain forces have the latent to do work and gravity gives potential energy to object whereas kinetic energy of an object depends moreover upon its mass and its speed. The formula for potential energy due to gravity isPE=mgh. As the object gets surrounding(prenominal) to the ground, its potential energy decreases while its kinetic energy amplifications. The difference in potential energy is oppose to the difference in kinetic energy.1.2.3 Ramp physicsA ramp works like this devoted plane, the steeper the ramp the colossal the amount of the sliding force. , when the ramp is (vertically) only the sliding component is unexpended and equals the weight force. On the some former(a) extreme (the ramp is horizontal) the sliding force vanishes and only the component of the normal force is left.1.3 HypothesisIt is hypothesised that as the angle of the ramp add-ons the speed of the car travels get out alike profit which takes in fiddlinger eon for the car to travel down the ramp. This is predicted according to the theory of gravitational potential energy converting to kinetic energy.2.0 Methods2.1 SafetyMust handle the give affiliation with c ar as it could cause injuries if it drops on the lower bodies (legs, knees, footsetc.) as well as the ramp because they argon quite heavy.2.2 EquipmentRetort stand For the ramp to rest on, to increment the prime of theramp point to any round topRamp- for the take on car to roll downStop watch- to time the shirk car ( uprises and finishes)Note book- to record the ensues onMeasurements tape-to measure out 1 metre on the rampChalk- To mark the starting points and finish lines2.3 Procedures1. specialize out equipment as headn in the plat. 2. wiretap up the height at the start line (the articulationmit of the ramp) is 30 cm using the metre stick. 3. Ensure in that respect be no extra weights attached to thetoy car. 4. Hold the toy car with its front touching the start line. 5. Simultaneously start the stop quantify and release the toy car (bec arful not to push it or exert any extra force on it).6. Stop the clock when the front of the toy car reaches the finish line. 7. Record the time interpreted for the toy car to reach the finish, next to the applicable height, in a table. 8. Repeat from measuring stick 4 four times so you end up with phoebe bird results for the said(prenominal) height then continue onto measurement 9. 9. Add all these results together and divide the answer by five to obtain the average time. 10. Record this average in the table. 11. By placing much books underneath the raised end of the ramp, increase the height at the summit by 10cm. Use the metre stick to check 12. Repeat from step 4 until you have obtained results for height from 30cm through to 50cm3.0 Results and Analysis3.1 ResultsThe average time for contrastive heights and distanceRamp Length (cm)Heights of the ramp (cm) test 1 ladder 2 running game 3 examination 4Trial 5Average time (seconds)Speed (m/s)speedup (m/s)Velocity(m/s)100300.790.870.810.850.840.8321.232.5400.680.840.660.670.680.7061.423.97500.650.630.640.640.620.6361.574.8795300.790.780.760.770.780.7761.213.222.8400.670.660.720.650.650.671.414.18500.60.650.580.640.610.6161.545.0390300.720.750.710.740.720.7281.233.433.1400.710.670.720.730.680.7021.283.99500.640.590.590.610.580.6021.55.153.1.1 The inclined angle of the rampHeights of the ramp (cm)Angle of inclination (degrees)3016.74021.85026.63.1.2Figure 13.2 AnalysisThe results show that when the ramp is higher (50cm) the car went fasterdown the slope at (3.1m/s). This is because gravity is pulling the car bang-up down andfriction is pulling the car back up the ramp, antagonist to direction ofmotion. The ramp is pushing the car straight up in the oppositedirection of gravity. The ramp is also pushing it horizontally awayfrom the ramp. The net force (the sum of the weight and normal force)acting on the car is wide enough to render the car to accelerate downthe ramp. If the ramp were horizontal the net force would be zero wherefore the car would not can. So the higher an object goes the more than gravitational potential energyit lucres. When it falls, its potential energy is converted intokinetic energy and since energy can neither be created or destroyed,only converted then it leave alone move at a faster speed.3.3 Error AnalysisThere be many gaps of errors when conducted this experiment much(prenominal) as c arless error, random error, human beings error ( response time) and systematic errors. These are due to mistakes in reading outperforms or careless setting markers they can be eliminated by repetition o f readings by one or two reviewers. Whereas the random error could be the observers position when recording the data and it could spread the results further away to the true measure out which go forth increase in anomalies. The results werent in truth accurate because blood resistance and friction energy wasnt interpreted in to the account, with these taken in to the calculation then it would be more accurate for the speed of the car.4.0 DiscussionThe experiment worked well afterward the precedent experiment, the experiment indicates that if the height of the ramp is excessively high it would not get very progressresults. Assume the results were accurate and the methodworked. Due to human error and reaction time, these results could notbe relied on whole, only if did give a rough idea of how the experiment would have worked. If the conduction of the experiment was to be done again, it would be more accurate by producingresults using the computer system with light gate.T he air resistance was neglected because if the resistance to be present, the results would be decrease but not very much throughout the experiment. The car was suffering from the friction of a ramp, some(prenominal)thing that would seriously affect the car due to it having a small mass.There were certain(p)ly some places where the experiment was lacking in some accuracy and it could have alterd. The first area to highlight is the car, where most of the accuracies were caused. The car certainly had friction occurring in the wheels of the car, and with the surface it was going down. This is one of the major(ip) problem to solve because a frictionless car is impossible, to encounter this problem is to find a better car with better bearings is the wheels and more at that placefore less friction, create less wasted energy through trainheaded and heat. There was also some accuracy lacking areas which couldnt improve either without better equipment. If the conduction of the experime nt were to happen again, experimenting withdifferent surfaces of ramp would be a smorgasbordd. The main problem established in the experiment wasthat the toy car kept swaying to the side, creating a longer journeyand hitting the edge absolute majority of the time. This also could have been caused dueto uneven flooring of the ramp. If the right equipment could be accessed to calculatingthe speed using light gates and determining if it produces theoreticallyperfect results, also eliminating any other opposingforces, such as friction, polishing surfaces etc. (no air resistance) and noticing ifthis multifariousnesss the results.To take the potential/kinetic energy element even further, gestateing into chewy potential energy and account if it works on the sameprinciple as gravitational potential energy.5.0 closureIn conclusion, the experiment demonstrated that the ramp set on (50cm) height at the distance of (90cm) had a greater velocity (speed) and acceleration than other heights . This suggests that the car had a greater velocity and lowest time was because of the precipitance of the ramp that was set on. The longer of the ramp, along with gravity had a ample impact on the car proceeding from the top of the ramp to the bottom. The hypothesis is supported by scientific theory of motion on an incline.6.0 AppendicesAppendix 11 metre (100cm) long rampHeights of the ramp (cm)Trial 1Trial 2Trial 3Trial 4Trial 530cm0.790.870.810.850.8440cm0.680.840.660.670.6850cm0.650.630.640.640.6295 cm long rampHeights of the ramp (cm)Trial 1Trial 2Trial 3Trial 4Trial 530cm0.790.780.760.770.7840cm0.670.660.720.650.6550cm0.60.650.580.640.6190 cm long rampHeights of the ramp (cm)Trial 1Trial 2Trial 3Trial 4Trial 530cm0.720.750.710.740.7240cm0.710.670.720.730.6850cm0.640.590.590.610.58Appendix 2 illustration 1 Given height = 30 cm and the length or the ramp = 100 cmExample 2 Given height = 40 cm and the length or the ramp = 100 cmExample 3 Given height = 50 cm and the length or the ramp = 100 cmAppendix 3Velocity of (30 cm=0.3m) height ramp, g=9.8 m/s (constant)Velocity of (40 cm=0.4m) height ramp, g=9.8 m/s (constant)Velocity of (50 cm=0.5m) height ramp, g=9.8 m/s (constant)Appendix 4Appendix 5When the height at 30 (cm), velocity=2.5m/s7.0 ReferencesSilverman, Buffy (2009).Simple Machines Forces in Action, 4th Ed.. USA Heinemann-Raintree Classroom. p.7.ISBN978-1-4329-2317-4Reilly, Travis (November 24, 2011).Lesson 04Slide Right on By Using an Inclined Plane.Teach Engineering. College of Engineering, Univ. of Colorado at Boulder. Retrieved September 8, 2012Smith, Crosbie (1998).The light of Energy a Cultural History of Energy Physics in Victorian Britain. The University of Chicago Press.ISBN0-226-76420-6.Feynman, Richard P. (2011).Work and potential energy.The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol. I. Basic Books. p.13.ISBN978-0-465-02493-3.Is pliableity Coefficient Elastic Or dead?Is Elasticity Coefficient Elastic Or In viscoelastic?InelasticThe legal inj ury grab of motivation for a downward sloping straight line pray make out varies as we move along the prune. If we reckon at the use up hack for kookie wellness Clubs, as we move down the upper fragment of the imply curve, charge duck soup of occupy falls and total measure rises. For example, measured over the expenditure place of $1030 to $960, if worth falls from $1030 to $960 the bell piece of cake of supplicate is 1.92 and therefore this segment of demand is elastic (Ed 1). betwixt these two charge changes, total tax increases from $9,936,000 to $11,088,000. This shows that a small reduction in price in the top piece of music of the demand curve result bring some a larger proportionate increase in the sum demanded for fruity wellness Clubs thereby increasing its revenue.Between the price range of $720 to $840, price gingersnap is whole of measurementary elastic. (Ed = 1) and thereby total revenue is maximized. In the above relevant price level th e elasticity coefficient is UNIT ELASTIC is exactly the same as the part in price everywhere along the demand curve.As we move down the lower segment of the demand curve price elasticity of demand falls below a value of 1.0 and total revenue declines. Over the price range of $480 to $600, for example, the price elasticity of demand is 0.47 respectively and therefore this segment of demand is inelastic (Ed 1). Between these prices, total revenue declines from $10,800,000 to $9,600,000. This shows that a reduction in price in the bottom part of the demand curve go away bring about a small proportionate change in measurement demanded for hot Health Clubs, thereby decreasing its revenue.In conclusion on a straight line demand curve the price elasticity of demand is different at every point along the curve(c) intravenous feeding eventors affecting the price elasticity of demand for gymnasium ranks at hot Health ClubsAvailability of substitutesThe most important determinant of pri ce elasticity of demand is the availability of substitutes. bespeak is more elastic for a unattackable or ser viciousness with close substitutes. If we intent at Zesty Health Clubs, the alternatives or substitutes that consumers can switch to is relatively low. Of course there are few alternatives they could analyse such as considering buying used gym equipment, renting exercise tapes, or even outdoor exercising such as swimming, cycling, running etc. Many consumers would opt getting a membership simply just to avoid the trouble of strong-arm judge in order to buy this stuff and also would prefer a better reliable wellness club when coming to wellness is actions. indeed the demand for Zesty health clubs is more inelastic in which the character change in measuring rod demanded is smaller than the plowshare change in price, leading to an increase in total revenue.It is also experienced that a high price charged has made the demand to be ore elastic for Zesty health clubs. A price of $1,080 has made a contour in which the percentage change in measure demanded is greater than the percentage change is price. This may be due to the fact that considering the current recession, communitys expendable income is relatively low as a result consumers have no other selection than switching to the close substitutes such as in-person health training, outdoor physical activities etc.Short run and long run burdenMost fairs or services tend to be inelastic in the short run and elastic in the long run. If we take the case of Zesty health clubs we can assume that even if they uplift there price by small margin customers allow for still want to continue or even obtain memberships since forthwith people are more health conscious. They may be faithful to the service provided by Zesty Health clubs and may not consider campaigning to the alternatives available. But in the long run consumers may be more price conscious and tend to shift to its substitutes not necessary been price as the main factor but also due to sensitive competitors entering the market, state of the art gym products available that could be used at home at ease, or even health tip brand-news available daily that is sent to a customers supple phone provided by the network provider for a small charge. These different ranges of choices available make consumers demand shift from inelastic in the short run to elastic in the long run.Share of budget worn out(p) on the productCustomers may devote only a certain amount rather a less proportion of income spent on membership fees. For e.g. if we consider a price change in sweeten which is an convenience product consumers may reconcile little attention, likewise since people are more health conscious these days a change in price of membership fees may not be mat up largely by consumers.However, high membership prices such as $1080 may force price conscious customers to switch to the alternate substitutes. Even stack apply where price is not the main factor, customer may prefer home training, or other physical activities which geld the quantity demanded for Zesty Health Clubs.Necessity or LuxuryThese days consumers are more concerned about their health, therefore the demand for Zesty health clubs inhabit inelastic. Consumers understand that they need to be fit in order to go on good health. As a result if Zesty health clubs peruse to increase prices the burden may not be felt to a great extent on consumers, as a result the elasticity coefficient remains inelastic in which the percentage change in quantity demanded is smaller than the percentage change in price. (Ed 1).However if Zesty health clubs have really high membership fees this may force the members to switch to alternatives as I discussed above such as personal health training, outdoor physical activities etc. Consumers may not have any other choice but to switch to other alternatives to suit their needs.Assuming that the price per gym m embership is $840, Zesty Health Club will be able to generate total pull ahead of $9,323,200. If Zesty health club decides to reduce its membership price from $840 to $720, they would be able to obtain a profit of $8,622,300. If, in case they pursue to go ahead with their assembly line finis they would experience a 7.5% loss on the total profit. Another setting that should be considered is that fact that at the price of $840 Zesty health clubs are face up with a total speak to of $2,168,000, whereas if Zesty health clubs per sue to lower their price from $840 $720, total greet increases to $2,876,100 which is an increase of approximately 33%, which is quite a huge sum. expression at this telephone line ratiocination in a pecuniary perspective it catchms to that the close is not profitable.This business decision should not be solely made on financial aspects other relating aspects should be considered as well. If we examine the table, we could identify that elasticity ch anges from been unit elastic to inelastic. Zesty health clubs may wish to remain been unit elastic because price elasticity is unitary elastic. (Ed = 1) and thereby total revenue is maximized. This is a situation where Percentage change in quantity demanded is equal to the percentage change in price. thence, it will be advantages for Zesty health clubs to remain at price $840 since elasticity is unit elastic.However if Zesty health clubs go ahead with their business decision that is reduce the price from $840 to $720 they will be to attract 2290 more customers that is an increase of 16.7%, which makes then obtain a higher market share, however even if Zesty health clubs loses 2290 customers, they still have been able to maximize profits by large charging $840. Therefore the burden is well set off by the maximizing profits.Looking at the above evaluation of Zesty health clubs business decision, I would recommend them NOT to go ahead with the business decision as it is financially no n-profitable and since they would want to remain being unit elastic rather than inelastic as total revenue is maximized been unit elastic.Looking at the above graph, we could foregather that at price $860 Zesty health clubs gets revenue of $11,491,200 which kick downs to the highest profit of $9,323,200. At this price level profits are maximized bringing the highest profit level to them, therefore according to these statistics Zesty health clubs should charge its customers at this price since it is getting the highest profit.Income elasticity of demand is the ratio of the percentage change in the quantity demanded of a good or service to the percentage change in income that has bought about this change in quantity demanded, (Economics for today, Allan Layton et al, second edition, 2005). In this context it is the change in quantity demanded in memberships for Zesty health clubs to the change in income due to scotch downturn which trim back average income.Percentage change in in comeEY is income elasticity of demand, Q1 and Q2 represent quantities demanded before and after the income change, and Y1 and Y2 represent income before and after the income change. (Economics for today, Allan Layton et al, 2nd edition, 2005).NORMAL SERVICEFrom the arrived answer we can assume that Zesty health club memberships is a normal service because the income elasticity of demand is controlling Ey0, the demand and income move in the same direction. Thus, the variables change in the numerator and denominator move in the same direction.Income elasticity of demand is necessary to calculate because during a downturn when the consumers income falls, if the membership is a normal good then the no. of memberships falls. As a result income elasticity of demand helps us to identify whether the impact brings a favorable change of a negative change and also help us identify whether Zesty health clubs membership is a normal service or an inferior service.If we look at the relationship b etween average income of Australians and gym memberships we could see that there is a direct relationship. If assuming the current stinting downturn is not experienced, the average income of Australians would have been stable and also disposable income may be high. This gives the take place for Zesty health clubs to increase memberships or even quantity demanded because since consumers are nowadays more concerned with their health and with high disposable income they may decide to obtain a membership.Now assuming that the Australians are facing with a current economic downturn, which leaves peoples disposable income low, we could see that due to a reduction in average income from $65000 to $55000 p.a. is has resulted in a reduction in memberships form 11,500 to 10, 600. As a result it is clearly identifiable that there is a direct relationship between income and memberships.SECTION B term 1 Chile strike sends strapper prices soaringSUMMARYThe price of pig rose to 7500 US dollars per ton, the highest since August 2008, on trading on the London Metal Exchange.The major cause was attributed to industrial action in the form of strikes in Chiles two largest bruiser color mines. The miners wanted higher pay and better benefits. Many of them failed to show up and prices rose further after the likelihood of a strike increased fears that market come forth will become tighter.The miners wage registrations came as prices of blur rose after increases in demand from China-the worlds largest consumer of strapper. Prices rose over 140% aided by raise signs of economic retrieval, after the recession which reduced the demand of bullshit.Chile produces one third of all copper, therefore these factors, mentioned above, played a major part in the rise of copper prices(a) Three factors that are expected to contribute to a rise in the market vestibular sense price of copperIndustrial ActionAbout a third of the unionized miners failed to show up when their shifts began at 2 a.m. on Monday. As a result, Chiles Codelco Company, the largest copper mining company, chuquicata mine faced with a problem of less write out of copper, as not enough workers were at work mining for copper. jibe to the case study Weinberg added This increases fears that market supply will become tighter. As a result of expressage supply, there will be a leftward shift in the supply curve causing copper prices to rise. Therefore a new equilibrium price is organize and Chiles Codelco Company will charge a higher price at the new equilibrium.Demand from ChinaThe case study explains there is increased demand from china, which is the worlds largest copper consumer. As a result of increased demand this makes the demand curve shift to the right, as China is willing to buy more copper (thus increased demand), which increases the price level, which forms a new equilibrium price.Signs of economic recuperationThe state of the economy can have a significant effect on the demand for copp er. This is particularly true for industrial and to a lesser extent, commercial customers. When economic growth is strong, output from the industrial sectors generally increases. Conversely, when economic growth slows down, output from industrial sectors drops.The case study explains prices of copper were propelled by mounting signs of economic recovery. As there are signs of economic recovery the demand for copper is apparent to increase as a result Chiles Codelco company demand curve is likely to shift to the right. This increase in demand will result in a new equilibrium price, which is higher than before.Considering the above demand and supply plat (Figure 1) we could see that as a result of unionized workers failing to show up when their shifts begin, has limited the supply of copper. As a result there is a leftward movement of the supply curve from S1 to S2, and due to reduced supply of copper, copper prices is bring up causing the price to rise from P1 to P2. This reduction in supply and increase in price has forced the equilibrium price to change. Equilibrium price refers to the point where at any price for which the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied is equal. This new equilibrium point is E2 which was formerly E1.If we consider the above draw go out 2, since there is increase in demand for copper from China, the demand curve in the demand and supply draw shifts outward(rightward) to form a new demand curve from D1 to D2. This increase is demand has prompted Chiles Codelco Company to increase prices from Q1 to Q2 in order to balance demand and supply, which leads to increase in quantity demanded from Q1 to Q2. As a result of an increase in price and increase in quantity there is a new equilibrium point formed (E2) which was formerly E1.If we look at the above diagram Figure 3, we could see that as mounting signs of economic recovery, the demand for copper are likely to increase. As a result the Demand curve (D1) shifts rightward to form a new demand curve D2. This will cause the price to increase as well from P1 to P2, since there will be a high demand for copper, this increase in price will cause the quantity demanded to increase from Q1 to Q2. The increase in price which caused an increase in quantity demanded leads to a new Equilibrium price, this is where at any price for which the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied are equal. The new equilibrium point is E2, which was formerly E1, resulted as there was increase in demand and an increase in price.(c) quaternary factors which could affect world demand for copperPrice of CopperThe law of demand, states that there is an inverse relationship between the price of a good or service and the quantity buyers are willing to purchase in a defined time period, ceteris paribus. If we look at this case, if copper prices increase, the demand for copper would fall and vice versa. Therefore the price determinant may affect demand for copperIf we look at the above 2 d iagrams above, (A) shows if there is an increase in the price of copper from P1 to P2, there will be an decrease in quantity demanded from Q1 to Q2. However since copper has closer substitutes and is sort of a necessity, the impact may not be large.If we look at (B), it shows that a reduction in price from P1 to P2 has increased quantity demanded from Q1 to Q2. However thinking even though the price if copper is reduced the consumption of copper by consumers may be the same, therefore, they will not demand more than what they consume at one point.Number of BuyersIf there are many buyers of copper, copper demand may increase, which will also cause prices to increase. In this case, Codelco produces almost 1.6 million tons of copper per family to meet its demand. If in near future companies that use copper as their raw material comes up, the demand for copper will increase. Also, if the number of buyers drops the vice versa can happen which is the demand for copper may drop causing pr ices to subsequently dropping as well.If we look at the above two demand and supply diagrams, we could see that in (A) there is increased demand for copper from D1 to D2 this may be due to increased number of companies which use copper as their raw material, for e.g. the automobile industry which produces at large quantities may prefer to buy copper at large. This causes the price level to drop, which leads to higher quantity supplied.If we look at diagram (B), we could see that demand for copper has reduced, for e.g. if we consider the current economic recession, one of the major impact industries where supposed to be the automobile industry, as a result the turnout of vehicles were reduced to a certain extent, this causes the demand for copper to drop as well from D1 to D2. Prices increase and quantity supplied drops from Q1 to Q2.Expectations of BuyersWhat is the effect in the demand when consumers tolerate future changes in prices, incomes or other factors? If e.g. if we assu me the government is going to impose a tax on copper which would raise prices to a higher level, it could lead to an increase in copper demand since they may want to get the benefit of buying it at a inexpensiveer price before the tax was imposed.NOTE This scenario affects demand if only the consumers are aware(predicate) of FUTURE price increase in copper.If we consider the above diagram we could see that if in future consumers anticipate a price increase in copper as a result of a tax which is going to be imposed, this will tempt them to purchase copper at large quantity now, rather than later when copper prices are high. This results in increased demand which causes the demand curve to shift to the right and price increase from P1 to P2 this leads to an increased quantity demanded from Q1 to Q2.Prices of related goodsIf we look at the substitutes for copper, which is a good that competes with another good for consumer purchase, therefore there is a direct relationship between a price change for one good and the demand for its competitor good. Substitutes for copper include, aluminum, zinc etc. If incase the price of the substitutes shot up, the demand for copper may increase since consumers/companies may shift to purchasing copper, also there are circumstances where if prices of copper is too high they may lose it customers, causing demand for copper to drop.(A) (B) 4 other factors which could affect the world market supply for copper are as followsWeatherWeather plays a huge part in market supply of copper. Bad go that includes, heavy rain, hurricanes etc may make mining of copper not possible, as a result the supply of copper is reduced. During periods of heavy rain the supply of copper is often limited, whereas periods of great sunshine enables them to increase quantity of supply.If we look at the above diagram (A), the exact result of a bad weather is illustrated. As a result of bad weather, the supply of copper is reduced from S1 to S2, as a result the price increases from P1 to P2, which causes the quantity supplied to reduce from Q1 to Q2 If we move our attention to diagram B we could see that as a result of good weather the quantity of copper extracted is more which representation that price drops from P1 to P2 and supply increases from S1 to S2 add-on the quantity supplied also increases from Q1 to Q2.TechnologyMany state of the art engineering has made mining of copper much more easier, comparing to nonrecreational wages for 5600 workers, purchasing machinery to get the work done is not only cheap but also the quantity of copper extracted could be more, which means there is increased supplyIf we look at the above diagram we could see that as a result of improved technology the extracted of copper could be increased, as a result the price of copper will be dropped from P1 to P2 thus increasing supply from S1 to S2 causing quantity supplied increase from Q1 to Q2Price Exceptions If Codelco anticipates a substantial rise in future copper prices, this would cause them to decrease their current supply of copper, because they may want to gain the most of this benefit, where as if they anticipate future copper price to decrease they would want to produce more copper and sell it at a much higher price than the anticipated low price.If we look at the above diagram, if we consider (A) we could see that if Codelco anticipates the price of copper to increase in near future, supply is restricted or reduced from S1 to S2 causing the price level to increase from P1 to P2, as a result the quantity supplied drops from Q1 to Q2. If we look at diagram (B) if Codelco anticipates a price reduction in near future, they make want to accelerate the drudgery copper, causing price to increase from P1 to P2 which makes the supply curve shift rightward from S1 to S2, this makes quantity supplied increase from Q1 to Q2 a swell.Economies of scale/Input Costs This is a situation in which average cost curve declines as the f irm increases output. If so happens the demand curve will shift rightwards. There are circumstances where changes of diseconomies of scale could causing the completely opposite effect .According to the case Codelco company produces around 1.6 million tons of copper per year.Another factor that we could consider is the input prices, if input prices are low Codelco can experience economies of scale. The case study shows shoes consequence that workers at two mines, Chuicata and Mina Sur, demanded a 7.5% pay hike. This shows that the cost of production of copper is high. If incase cheap labour is found and cheap machinery, cost of input is less which makes Codelco supply more copper at cheap prices.Looking at the above two demand and supply diagram, considering (A), we could see that, if codelco experiences economies of scale which means their average cost declines as output increases, they will be able to produce more copper as lesser costs, also aspect which could add to lower costs is due to the fact of less input costs as a result this benefit can be turned onto the consumers as well through low prices which is from P1 to P2. cede is increased from S1 to S2, causing quantity supplied to increase from Q1 to Q2.Moving our attention to diagram (B) we could see that if Codelco has high input costs, this may make extraction of copper expensive, since they cant bare all the entire costs, they may wish to pass on some of it to the consumers through high costs, as a result supply is reduced from S1 to S2, causing quantity supplied to reduce from Q1 to Q2